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Durkheim 1903
Functionalist
Social Solidarity
Social solidarity is when individual members must feel themselves to be a part of a community.
Without it social life cooperation would be impossible as everyone would pursue their own selfish desires.
Specialist Skills
Education teaches people thy specialist knowledge and skills to perform their role in the social division of labour
Parsons 1961
Meritocracy
We pass or fail through our own efforts
All students sit the same exam and the pass Mark is the same for everyone
Everyone odds given an equal opportunity and pupils receive awards based on their own effort and ability
Davis and Moore 1945
Role Allocation
Most important roles in society are filled by the most talented people
Education is where pupils show what they can do and helps pupils match to the job they are best suited to
Tumin 1953
Criticism of Functionalist POV
“How do we know a job is important? Because it’s highly rewarded.”
Why are some jobs more highly rewarded? Because they are more important!
They have given a circular answer
Wrong 1961
Functionalists have over-socialised view or ppl as mere puppets of society
Imply that pupils passively accept all they are taught and never reject the school values
Marxists
Criticism of the functionalist POV
Education in a capitalist society only transmits the ideology of a minority- the ruling class
Wolf review of vocational education (2011)
Criticism of functionalist POV
Specialist skills not taught properly
High quality apprenticeships are rare
A third of 16-19 y/o aren’t on courses that lead to good jobs/education
Meritocracy is incorrect
Equal opportunity in education doesn’t exist
Achievement is greatly influenced by class background rather than ability
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