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Describe the introduction of Knowledge & Learning essay.
Will consider for & against statement => look at definitions of K & L, different types of K, epistemology argument & expertise.
Conc = statement might be true, but not a good statement at all - need much more than easy learning for knowledge of quality.
What is Paragraph 1 of Knowledge & Learning essay?
What is Knowledge?
Describe What is knowledge? - P1 of Knowledge & Learning essay.
Declarative vs. procedural - knowing THAT leads to more learning, knowing HOW doesn't.
Once you know how to ride a bike, that's it!
OED of K & L - inherent circle, one can't exist without the other.
Suggests K = theoretical & L = either theoretical or practical.
So more K = easier learning, but ONLY in theoretical fields. Thus, statement = concurrent, especially as OED = trusted/viable.
e.g. Larson & Nippold (2007) adolescent lang dev - circular relationship: reading & word learning.
Words learned, Improved understanding = more access to contextual cues - easier to read. i.e More K/understanding = easier learning.
Problem = conflation of K & understanding.
What is Paragraph 2 of Knowledge & Learning essay?
Epistemology argument (EMP-RAT)
What is the gist of Epistemology argument (EMP-RAT) - Paragraph 2 K & L essay?
Innate capacity + Knowledge = learning
Describe Epistemology argument (EMP-RAT) - P2 Knowledge & Learning essay.
Empiricism: K derived from sensory exp - refined by reason & thought. Aristotle's association laws allow refinement.
Rationalism: K derived from innate capacity to learn
e.g. Maths = universal/known w/o sensory exp: Meno's slave
Still depends on sensory exp (i.e. working in the sand!)
Combination of both? Demostrates knowledge dependent on sensory experience & innate capacity to learn.
Innate capacity isn't Knowledge - thus more than knowledge is needed for easier learning. This poses the question, what else?
What is Paragraph 3 of Knowledge & Learning essay?
De Groot (1965) - experience - swayed upon recall.
Describe De Groot (1965) - experience - swayed on recall - Paragraph 3 of K & L essay.
De Groot (1965): Chess grandmasters - experience.
Exp, K & Understanding = synonymous.Is experience K? No! Can be easily swayed upon recall (Loftus & Palmer)
Not necessarily trustworthy - therefore, exp & innate capacity needed for good learning.
Statement = true, but what use is easier learning if the learning isn't good/trustworthy.
What is Paragraph 4 of Knowledge & Learning essay?
EXPERTISE - after 10Y rule / vocab & grammar burst
Describe Expertise - after 10Y rule & vocab/grammar burst - Paragraph 4 of K & L essay.
Lang dev. = most rapid <3Y, i.e. when with least amount of K!
Fenson et al: 3Y 1000W - Clarke; Anglin: 10,000W - Economist report: Adults = 25-30,000W.
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