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How can excess amion acids be stored or burned?
By converstion into fats and sugars
Upon ingestion of food, hormones signal chief cells to secrete ______ and parietal cells to secrete _____
Chief cells secrete pepsinogen
Partietal cells secrete HCl
What is the primary stomach protease? How is this protease excreted? At what pH does this protease have optimal activity
Pepsin is the primary protease secreted as zymogen pepsinogen that unfolds in the stomach where it has maximal activity at pH=2
The primary stomach protease preferentially cleaves at what amino acids?
Phenyalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Leucine
What organs secretes most intestinal proteases?
Pancreas
Enteropeptidase
What pump is used to actively transport peptides from the lumen into the intestinal epithelium?
Sodium/Potassium ATPase's
How is cellular protein degradation different from dietary protein degradation?
Cellular proteins are degraded via the ubiquitin system
What is a Degron? Give examples
Degrons are amino aciid sequences that signal degradation. They can be PEST sequences of N-terminal residues
Explain the Ub degradation mechanism
1) Ubiquitins carboxyl end is conjugated to AMP at the expense of PPi
2) Activated Ub is transferred to E1 at the expense of AMP with formation of thioester bond to enzyme
3) E2 forms a thioester with activated Ub replacing E1
4) E2 transports Ub to E3 which has target bound
5) E3 catalyzes addition of activated Ub lysine of target forming a amide bond. Repeat
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