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Review-->
Non-specific defense mechanisms
Neutrophils and Macrophages --> phagocytosis
Macrophages--> cytokines --> stimulate inflammation
inflammation= warmth, swelling, redness, pain
Complement and the Membrane Attack Complex!
forms pores in the pathogens
Oploninze surface of pathogen
Natural Killers-->
protect against virus infected cells
Acquired/adaptive immunity
Specific resistance to certain pathogens (antigens)
Discriminates-->
foreignness (danger)
Slow starting --> need nonspecific defenses to be engaged
faster response on repeat exposure
Antigens and Antibodies:
Antigens--->
ANYTHING that stimulates an immune response
--usually proteins or peptides
--forgein
-----autoimmune disorders
Antibodies-->
"Y-shaped proteins on the surface of B cells that is secreted into the blood or lymph in response to an antigenic stimulus."
*** Host proteins that bind specifically to antigens
** Antibodies (Ab) bind antigens specifically
Each antigen has many -->
epitopes
--antibody binding sites
** antibodies bind to epitopes ON an antigen
** different epitopes; locationally where antibody binds
Where do antibodies come from?
B CELLS
** which are generated in bone marrow
88 As a B cell differentiates, gene segments are randomly selected and combined to encode a UNIQUE V REGION ( spontaneous recombination)
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