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Why are secondary defences used?
To combat pathogens that have ENTERED the body
What are the chemical markers on the antigens outer membrane called?
Antigens
Define opsonins
Protein molecules that attach to antigens on the surface of a pathogen. Their role is to enhance the ability of phagocytic cells to bind and engulf the pathogen.
What is the first line of secondary defence called?
Phagocytosis
What is the most common phagocytic called and what does it do?
Neutrophil
Engulf and digest pathogens
Manufactured in the bone marrow
Recognisable by their multi - lobed nucleus
What do macrophages travel in the blood as?
Monocytes
What does a macrophage not get mistaken for a foreign cell?
Because the antigen from the surface of the pathogen is moved to a special protein complex.
Describe the five stages of phagocytosis
1 pathogens produce chemicals that attract phagocytes
2 phagocytes recognise non - human proteins on the pathogen
3 the phagocyte engulfs the pathogen and encloses it in a vesicle called a phagosome
4 the phagosome combines with a lysosomal to form a phagolysosome
5 enzymes from the lysosomal digest and destroy the pathogen
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