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What occurs when hydrogen is added to double bonds (C=C)?
An alkane is produced.
What catalyst is required when adding hydrogen to double bonds (C=C) to produce an alkane?
A nickel catalyst, 150 C and a high pressure.
OR
A platinum catalyst at room temperature and pressure.
What colour change can be seen when bromine water is added to an alkene?
The solution goes from orange/brown to colourless.
What occurs during the electrophilic addition of alkenes?
The double bond is opened up and when this occurs with a halogen such as (F, Cl, Br or I) a halogenoalkane is formed.
What occurs when alkenes undergo addition reactions with hydrogen halides?
A halogenoalkane is formed.
What can be reacted with an alkene to produce an alcohol? (This is an electrophilic reaction.)
Concentrated sulfuric acid and cold water.
What conditions are needed for ethanol to be manufactured through steam hydration?
A solid phosphoric (V) acid catalyst at 300 C and a pressure of 60 atm.
What is formed when alcohols are dehydrated?
Alkenes are formed.
What conditions are needed to dehydrate alcohols?
A hot catalyst of pumice stone or aluminium oxide.
Reflux ethanol with excess concentrated sulfuric acid at 170 C.
How can alcohols be oxidised?
By burning them with a pale blue flame (complete oxidation).
Using acidified potassium dichromate (VI).
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