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Persective on schizophrenia
Psychosis
•ability to perceive and respond to the environment is significantly disturbed and functioning is impaired
•may be substance-induced or caused by brain injury
•hallucinations
•delusions
Schizophrenia is a form of psychosis with heterogeneous symptoms and course.
Disturbances and disorganisation of:
•Thought
•Emotion
•Speech
•Behaviour
Positive symptoms
These "pathological excesses" are bizarre additions to a person's behaviour.
•Delusions
•Hallucinations
•Active manifestations and obvious signs
•Distortions of normal behaviour
•Exaggeratios or excesses
Delusions
Gross misrepresentations of reality (improbable)
Disorder of thought content
•Grandeur
•Persecution
•Reference
•Control
•Religiosity
Ethological views
•Motivational views - attempts to deal with and relive distress
•Deficit- result of brain dysfunction
Hallucinations
Hallucinations•Faulty sensory experince in absence of environment stimuli or input. •Can involve all senses •Most common: auditory Ethological views•Attribution to own vs other voice•Brock's area activation
Negative Symptoms
Absense or insufficiency of normal behaviour
Symptom cluster
•Avolition (or apathy) absense of motivation
•Alogia (lack of speech)
•Anhedonia (lack of pleasure and interest)
•Affective flattening (absense emotional reactivity)
•Social withdrawal
Disorganised symptoms
•Erratic behaviours that affect many domains
•Disorganised speech
-Cognitive slippage
-Tangentiality
-Loose associations/derailment
•Inappropriate affect/emotional expression
Unusual behaviours
•Catatonia: wild agitation, waxy flexibility, immobility.
Schizophrenia subtypes
Type I and type II schizophrenia
Type I is dominated by positive symptoms.
•Better adjustment prior to onset of symptoms
•Later onset of symptoms
•More positive outcome
•Symptoms tied to biochemical abnormalities
Type II is dominated by negative symptoms
•Poorer adjustment prior to onset symptoms
•Less positive outcome
•Earlier onset of symptoms•Less positive outcome•Symptoms tied to structural abnormalities
•Symptoms tied to structural abnormalities
Other psychotic disorders
Schizophreniform Disorder
•Symptoms of Schizophrenia
•Few months only
•Associated with good premorbid functioning
•Most resume normal lives
Schizoaffective Disorder
•Symptoms of Schizophrenia plus a mood disorder.
•Disorders are independent
-Delusions for 2 weeks in absense of mood.
•Prognosis: similar to Schizophrenia l
-Persistent
-No improvement without treatment
Delusion disorder
•Delusions contrary to reality (more plausible)
•Lack other positive and negative symptoms
Types
•Erotomanic
•Grandiose
•Jealous
•Persecutory
•Somatic
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