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What does the concentration-response curve look like?
What does the log drug concentration-response curve look like?
Describe it
First part of curve is the concentration which the drug does nothing ( threshold conc)
Middle part = linear
Then reach maximum response
What are the three main types of experiment to measure the effect of a drug?
In vitro (test tube)
In vivo (living animal)
Ex vivo (in between in vivo and in vitro)
How are a drugs effects measured in vitro?
Drug effects are studies on a piece of tissue dissected from an animal (or human) and kept alive outside the body
Includes experiments on cells grown in tissue culture
What are some examples of responses that might be measured from in vitro experiment?
Changes in the tension of muscle
Changes in the activity of an enzyme
Changes in the secretion of hormone or neurotransmitter
How are a drugs effects measured in vivo?
Drug effects are studied on the living animal
Include clinical trials
What are some responses that might be measured from an in vivo experiment?
Change in blood pressure
Change in pain threshold
Reduction in allergen-induced bronchoconstriction
How are a drugs effects measured ex vivo?
A tissue or organ is removed from an animal that has been treated with a drug, and the effects that drug has had on the organ function are tested in vitro.
What may an example be of an ex vivo experiment?
To see whether long-term treatment with a drug induces liver damage
For experiments in vitro, how are drug concentrations expressed?
Moles per litre i.e Molar (M)
We are interested in the number of drug molecules
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