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List 10 professional services by an RLA (5 marks)
1. Policy advice
2. Tree survey
3. Planting plan
4. Concept design
5. Site layout / LMP
6. Detail design
7. Planting design
8. Contract management
9. Compliance checking
10. Tendering
11. Planning application (lease conditions)
"Other" services an RLA may provide (3 marks)
1. Prelimary services i) site selection ii) feasibility study iii) development
2. Site surveying
Pros and cons of client employing a consultant directly. (8 marks)
Advantages:
1. Scope of works is more focused on landscape design.
2. Save time for management and administering the sub consultant.
3. Less liability and risks as sub consultant are responsible independently.
4. Not responsible for payments to the sub consultant.
Disadvantages:
1. Not entitled to overheads on sub consultant, less income.
2. No contract between the consultants, may be difficult to coordinate with other consultant.
3. Liability could be confusing if the responsibilities between consultants are unclear.
4. RLA will have no say in the selection of the sub consultant (poor industry record)
Pros and cons for RLA directly appointing the sub consultants (8 marks)
1. More income due to extra admin fees and overheads.
2. Easier to manage as sub consultant is directly responsible to RLA.
3. Well coordinated in terms of project planning and communication.
4. Has higher flexibility in selecting the sub consultant. (Working relationship)
5. RLA will bear all vicarious liability to client for negligence of sub consultants
6. Responsible for payment to sub consultants
7. Burden in time and resources as main consultants, need to complete project if sub consultant fails.
8. Carries risk of having no/inadequate insurance (Professional Indemnity Insurance)
Factors to consider for a freelance job (6 marks)
1. Scope of work
2. Capacity of practice (resources)
3. Scale and complexity of programme
4. Risk and liability (services involved)
5. Terms and condition (agreement)
6. Insurance (pii)
Factors to consider if client changes the project nature (4 marks)
1. Scope/nature of works is majorly changed, a new contract may be necessary.
2. Receive payment for works completed.
3. If maintained, additional fee to be agreed.
4. Revise the program for works.
5. Revise consultancy agreement with sub consultants (payment intervals, meetings and scope)
Types of private firms (5 marks)
1. Sole practitioner
2. Partnership
3. Limited company (owners responsible for debts to extent of capitol)
4. Group practice (individual firms grouped for mutual benefits)
5. Consortium/consortia (association of firms with different professional skills)
Pros and cons of a sole practitioner firm (4+2 marks)
1. simple business, individual work.
2. Can work at home, reduces overheads.
3. No audit is required.
4. Profits are own, not shared
1. Unlimited liability
2. Fluctuations in workloads
Pros and cons of a partnership firm (5+3 marks)
1. No public reports
2. Shared workload/capitol
4. Share accommodation, equipment, support, technical data, costs, skills
5. Low tax rate.
6. Easy to set up/ property of the partners
1. Unlimited liability (can request the liable partner to repay domestically)
2. Limited to 20 partners max.
3. Dissolved on the death/leaving of a partner
Pros and cons of a limited company (5+4 marks)
1. Greater working/initial capital
2. Limited liability
3. Generates a steady financial input.
4. Legal entity
5. Separate ownership/management (ie. Share holders / directors)
6. Up to 50 shareholders?
7. Higher tax rate.
8. Requires registration
9. Annual audit required
10. Annual return report is public
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