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Democracy
Envisions an engaged citizenry prepared to exercise its power over rulers.
Direct Democracy
A system that permits its citizens to vote directly on laws and policies.
Representative Democracy or Republic
Popular Sovereignty
A principle of democracy in which political authority rests ultimately in the hands of the people.
Authoritarian Government
A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits but may nevertheless be restrained by the power of other social institutions.
Totalitarian Government
A system of rule in which the government recognizes no formal limits on its power and seeks to absorb or eliminate other social institutions that might challenge it.
Initiative
Also known as direct legislation. The two step process for creating any state law or any state constitutional amendment.
First step in Direct Legislation
Citizens circulate petitions throughout the state gathering signatures from California voters. The time limit for gathering is 150 days. For the initiative to qualify, a certain percentage of signatures is needed. 1) For state laws, 5 percent of voters in the last Governor's election. 2) For constitutional amendments, 8 percent of voters in the last Governor's election.
Second step in Direct Legislation
Once the initiative is qualified, the initiative, now called proposition, is submitted for approval by California voters. A majority vote is needed for the proposition to pass.
Proposition
An initiative or referendum that has qualified for approval.
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