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Internal energy, U, is:
The energy in a system arising from the relative positions and interactions of its parts.
Be wary:
1) Temperature and internal energy?
- Temperature?
- Internal Energy?
1) Not the same.
- Temperature: The AVERAGE microscopic energy of the particles.
- Internal energy: The sum of the microscopic energy of the particles.
E.g. What would have the greater internal energy:
1) 1kg of iron @ 300K
2) 2kg of iron @ 300K
2) because the temperature, so average energy, is the same. However there are more particles in 2kg than in 1kg so the 2kg of iron has a greater internal energy.
Internal energy:
1) Compared to Ek & Ep?
1) They both consider what an object does/could do - 'U' considers what an object is doing within itself.
Calculations for internal energy:
1) We only need to calculate for?
1) Changes in internal energy.
Although we don't need to calculate U:
1) We need to know that?
1) U can never be less than or equal to 0. It tends towards 0 but never reaches it as there is always some internal energy.
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