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(7) APPLICATION
Provides an interface between the communications software and any applications that need to communicate outside the computer on which the application resides. It also defines processes for user authentication
(6) PRESENTATION
Main purposes are to define and negotiate data formats , such as ASCII text , EBCDIC text , binary, BCD, and JPEG, Encryption is also defined by OSI as a presentation layer service.
(5) SESSION
Defines how to start , control and end conversations . This includes the control and management of multiple bi-directional messages so that the application can be notified if only some of a series of messages are completed. This allows the presentation layer to have a seamless view of an incoming stream of data
(4) TRANSPORT
Protocols provide a large number of services including data deliver to another computer (for instance error recovery and flow control )
(3) NETWORK
This layer defines three main features : logical addressing , routing (forwarding) and path determination Routing defines how devices (typically routers) forward packets to their final destination. Logical addressing defines how each device can have a and address that can be used by the routing process. Path determination refers to the work done by routing protocols to learn all possible routes , and choose the best route.
(2) DATA LINK
The data link layer defines the rules that determine when a device can send data over a particular medium. Data link protocols also define the format of a header and trailer that allows devices attached to the medium to successfully send and receive data.
(1) PHYSICAL
This layer typically refers to standards from other organizations . These standards deal with the physical characteristics of the transmission medium , including connectors , pins , use of pins , electrical currents , encoding , light modulation , and the rules for how to activate and deactivate the use of the physical medium
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