term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
1) A patient presenting with Kopik's spots in their mouth is presenting with diagnostic lesions for Measles caused by the Rubeola Virus.
2) A. The varicella-zoster virus can cause two different infections? what infections are they and what age groups are most commonly associated with? Chicken pods- children, shingles-adults
B. Explain where the virus lies dormant and how it can manifest itself later in life.
after chicken pox infection, if the person
later is immune compromised can travel down herby causing inflammation.
3) infection with rotavirus account for 50% of cases that require hospitalization.
4) There are two forms of the vaccine for the seasonal flue. describe the difference between the two, and the advantage of both.
Seasonal inject: acellular pieces of the flu virus. not able to cause infection.
Flumist: attenuated virus. better immunity but small risk of infection.
5) Small pox Commonly called variola is the fist human disease to be irradiated due to a vaccine developed by Jenner
6) Rhinovirus is the cause of the common cold.
7) acycolvir is standard treatment for HHV-1/HHV-2 which causes Herpes
8) Jaundice is one of the symptoms caused by a liver infection with hepatitis B
9) this childhood disease has been almost
completely irradiated. there are currently two possible vaccines to combat it. give one. Salk
What disease were these vaccines made against?
polio
10) infection of pregnant women with this virus can result in congenital defects or death of the developing fetus name the virus or disease Rubella German measles. What is done to
ensure the fetus is protected from this virus while in utero Draw a titre to test blood for Rubella antibodies. if low they get mother an MMR booster.
11) what three viral infections does the MMR vaccine target?
Measles, mumps, rubella
1)who was the first scientist to look through a
microscope and see LIVING microscopic specimens? Leeuwennock
2) a prion is an infection protein without a
nucleic acid.
3) Linneaus came up with the taxonomic system used to classify living organisms, including
microorganisms
4) a flagella is a whiplike structure used by some protozoans for movement
5) Define spontaneous generation. Living
organisms arising from nonliving materials
6) what is the distinguishing characteristic
between archaea and bacteria? archaea have cell walls made of a material other than peptidoglycan. bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls
7) specifically describe the experiment pasture did and what conclusions were drawn from it. He invented the swan neck flask which allowed air circulation during boiling samples. showed that as long as dust and air particles did not have access to the boiled solution, no microorganisms can grow. disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms.
8) name on issue that exists in needhams experiment investigating spontaneous generation. He did not sanitize his glassware. He did not boil the sample long enough.
9) Aseptic technique. Introducing samples into an environment without contamination.
10) Robert Koch developed Kochs postulates. what was the purpose of this series of steps? to identify the causative microorganisms for a given disease.
11) explain why viruses are not "living" they are obligate intracellular parasite meaning they require a host cell to be living.
1) do to their thick cell wall, gram positive cells also have techelcacul which anchors the peptidoglycan to the underlying cell membrane.
2) acid fast bacteria have up to 60% mycolic acid in their cell wall, which is why they stain positive in an acid fast stain. if they are treated with a gram stain that will appear to be gram positive.
3) the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria is made up of Lipopilysaccharide (LPS)
4) Endospores are formed by some types of bacteria, specifically some species of bacillus and clostridium in response to harsh environmental conditions such as high heat or nutrient scarcity.
5) immunogenic: immune producing
6) what does it mean for a cell membrane to be "selectively permeable" allows some things in/out but not others.
7) what structure of a gram negative bacteria makes infections with bacteria more difficult to treat and why? LPS is immunogenic causing inflammation, fever,vasodilation. with immune system break down it causes additional release of lipid A, causing another immune response
8) in the image below the green dots represent solute based on that information indicate the tonicity of the solution shown below Hypertonic. Upper left water flow.
9) why do ribosomes make excellent targets for antibacterial drugs? Prokaryotic ribosomes are different for eukaryotic so the drug is selectively toxic.
10) which eukaryotic organelle may all be affected by these typed of antibacterial drugs and why? mitochondria. they have ribosomes similar in structure to prokaryotes.
11) what is an inclusion in a bacteria? A location of material storage in bacteria.
1) catabolic reactions break down larger molecules to smaller. Anacolic synthesize larger molecules to smaller.
2) molecules that lose electrons are being oxidized which molecules that gain electrons are being reduced.
3) what does it mean to denature a protein? unfold it, lose its 3-D structure
4) we discussed three physiologic conditions that could be manipulated to affect denaturation on a protein. pH, salt, temperature.
5) what is a frameshift mutation? Insert or delete a nucleotide chafes reading frame of codons
6) transduction happens? lysogenic virus, after incorporating into host genome, as it demoes itself during induction it takes a piece of the host genome with it transferring it to another cell.
7) what effect uv light has on DNA. uv caused thymine dimers which cause kinks in DNA preventing transcription and copying DNA.
8) what method does the bacteria have to repair this damage from UV light. Photolyase activated in white light that removes thymine dimers and repairs DNA.
1) ubiquity: everywhere water is available
2) colony: a group of bacteria that all arise from the same original cell
3) aseptic technique: inoculating bacteria sample without contamination
4) resolution: the ability to see two points as distinct
5) describe how to do the heat fixed of a bacterial sample if you're using a bacterial colony as your sample source: drop of water, add a loop full of bacteria. Drops of water. Then pass through flame slowly 3 to 4 times.
6) gram stain: + -
Primary- crystal violet. Purple purple
Mordant- iodine. Purple purple.
Destain- alcohol. Purple clear.
Secondary- Salfranin purple/ red.
7) indicate what is happening during this stop on a gram positive vs gram-negative so that makes this statement accurate: positive: thick PG holds crystal violet/iodine complex.
Negative: due to thin PG wall alcohol can strip all crystal violet.
8) what is the morning of the Gram stain and what is its function: iodine cross-links crystal violet.
9) how does UV work to kill bacteria: uv causes thymine dimes which result in kinks in the DNA. Prevent transcription and or replication of DNA killing the cell.
They fix the problem because cells have photolyase which excuses the thymine diner to repair the damage.
10) Kerby Bauer: determine the resistance of bacteria to various antibiotics.
Pathos: disease
Karyon: nut
Eu: true
Pseudo: false
Genic: to produce
Coccus: sphere
Strepto: chain
Peri: around
Pro:before
Amphi:both
Lopho:tufts
Calyx:cup
Pili:hair
Bacillus:rod
Flagel:whiplike
Sarcina:cube of 8
Trichous:harr
Staphylo:grape like
Diplo:double
Noso:disease
Photo:light
Comi:care
Iatro: physician
Iso:same
Hyper:above
Hypo:below
Phage: to eat
Haplo:half
Patho:disease
Gen: to produce
Tetrad: four
Spirrillium:spiral
Ana:upward
Cata:down
Bol: to through
En:within
Ex:from
An:Without
Aero:air
Glyco:sugar
Alkal:basic
Psychro:cold
Phile:loving
Meso:middle
Thermo:heat
Halo:salt
Baro: pressure
Cata:downward
Bik:throw
Meta:middle
Gonia:seed
Rhea: flow of
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!