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Diazepam (Valium)
Class: Benzodiazepine (long lasting), sedative, hypnotic, anti-convulsant, schedule IV drug
Indications: Acute anxiety states & agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, muscle relaxant, seizure activity, sedation for a medical purpose, chemical restraint, may be helpful in cocaine OD
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, narrow-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, respiratory depression, coma, head injury
Dose: Adult Seizure; 5 mg over 5 minutes via IV or 10 mg IM
Adult Anxiety; 2-10 mg via IV/IM
Adult Sedation; 5-15 mg over 5-10 minutes via IV
Pedi Seizure; 0.05 - 0.1 mg/kg via IV
0.1 - 2 mg/kg via IM
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Indications: Initial control of status epilepticus or severe recurrent seizures, severe anxiety, sedation, chemical restraint
Contraindications: Acute-narrow angled glaucoma, coma, shock, suspected drug use
Dose: Adult Sedation; 2 mg via IV, 4 mg IM
Adult Seizures; 0.1 mg/kg via IV, max dose 4 mg
Pedi; 0.05 mg/kg via IV/IM
(When given IV/IO, it must be diluted by 50%)
Ketamine (Ketalar)
Class: Sedative, Analgesic dissociative anesthetic
Indications: Pain management, Sedation for medical procedure, Excited delirium.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, Situations in which hypertension can cause harm to the patient.
Dose: Adults & Pedi; 1-2 Mg/KG, over 1-2 minutes
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