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Climate
Hot and humid with mild winters. Cooler on the north side of the island. High rainfall in the north side and in moutainous centre.
Soils
Fertile, volcanic. The most fertile are unsuitable for viticulture.
Vineyard
Most vineyards are on very steep slopes shaped with narrow terraces (poios). Land ownership is fragmented and of the producers, only Henriques & Henriques owns vineyards.
Irrigation channels (levadas) leading from mountains support warmer drier coastal areas. Fungal disease is a significant problem. Traditional training method is pergola (latada). The cordon VSP (espalier) is preferred method for new plantings, only on flatter terrain. Mechanisation is almost impossible.
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