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2 reasons for tensions within korea
1) Post war occupation of korea ( partition of korea )
- background of korea ( jpn control from 1910 - 1945 )
- splitting of korea ( north n south , along 38th parallel . potsdam conference )
-1946-1947 , failed to agree on how to unify korea
- May 1948 , UN held elections in the area south if 38th parallel to set up a unified govt . ( korean communists boycotted it )
- Soviet disallow elections but allow NK to set up the democratic peoples republic of NK , with kim II sung .
- result in democratic vs communist govt
2) attempts by N and S korean leader to reunify korea .
- talk about the 2 rulers ( Rhee and kim )
- what they did and what they believe ( kim made trips to USSR a few times to convince stalin to help rebuild NK m invade SK )
- compare the amt of aid USA and USSR gave to NK and SK
-outcome - heightened hostility and tensions in korea
-link - the desire to reunify korea reduced the chance of peaceful reunification n increased tensions and likelihood of war
why korea was embroiled in the cold war rivalry
1) significance of korea to USSR and the communist bloc
-communist bloc wnt to expand n strengthen its sphere of influence , esp in asia .
- As china is the only east ally , korea impt to comm bloc , ( close to ussr china n other countries )
- good platform to spread communism , counterbalance US precense in jpn
- strategic significance of korea ,set stage for possible conflicts with usa over korea
2) Soviet success in atomic bomb
- 1949 , soviet explode atomic bomb !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- atomic parity , more confidence
- nuclear arms race , competing for superiority in the development of nuclear weapons ( worsen cold war tensions )
- outcome 1 : stalins willingness to aid NK to unify korea
- outcome 2 : instrumental role in kims decision to invade SK
3)Rise of communist china and its impact.
-1949 , chinese communist party won the civil war and china declared a communist
- thus , become a KEY soviet ally .
- keen to help NK ( it can act as a buffer zone n counterbalance US precense in jpn )
- china and Nk - mutual defence agreement 1949
- FEB 1950 , SINO SOVIET TREATY OF FRIRNDSHIP , ALLIANCE AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE .
- outcome 1 : made stalin more willing to help NK
- outcome 2 : since the communist bloc strengthened , it posed a threat to USA and SK , making usa more inclined to take action
- link : stalin more supportive of nk invading sk ( causing korean war )
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4)Impact of developments of USA
-increased pressure to do more to curb the spread of communism ( aft soviet atomic bomb n china communist victory )
-McCarthyism , ( which raised fear and suspicion of communist infiltration in US govt ) increased the fear towards communism
-April 1950, national security council prepared a report NSC-68 , concluding that the soviet union was hostile towards the USA and stressed the urgent need for action .
-outcome : Us involvement in korean war , pulling korea into cold war rivalry
5)military and strategic imbalance between NK and SK
- NK ( more well trained and equipped )
- supported by china and USSR ( in military and economic resources )
- contrast to SK , less well trained ( light weapons from usa )
- outcome : SK was an easy target and vulnerable , ( NK had a huge edge over SK )
- Link : due to the different level of support given by their respective allies , NK was further motivated to invade SK and unify korea under communist rule . ( leading to korean war )
events leading to cold war
1) withdrawl of us and soviet troops from korea
- kim ii sung request ( frm 1947 ) for ussr n usa to **** off .
- ussr withdraw frm 1948 ( leaving behind stronk NKPA )
- USA left june 1949 ( leaving a few hundred ppl )
- no intention to be heavily involved in korean affairs
link : its a civil war !!
2) limited support from usa and ussr frm 1948-early 1950
-aft soviet withdrawl kim keep asking for support frm stalin to invade sk
-stalin initally reluctant , BUT , after the soviet atomic bomb, communist victory in china , sino soviet alliance , USA defensive perimeter , made stalin change his mind by early 1950
- prov soviet advisers and equipment , n trained NKPA ( aft fighing civil war , became strong and formiddable force )
-in contrast , usa focused on rebuilding japan
- the change in stalins attitude to helping kim and thn support from china ussr put nkpa in good stead for military campaign against sk .
link : paved the way for eventual invasion of SK
3) border clashes between NK and SK
- common in 1949-1950 ( initiated by SK to seize territory )
- eg. attack by sk warships on NK military installations provoked NKPA
-affects USA goodwill towards SK , making USA more reluctant to send heavy weapons
-the ineffectiveness of SK forces convince NK that the invasion of SK wld be np . set the stage for invasion of SK in june 195p
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