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Describe the position of black people in America in 1929.
About 10% of the American people were black. Most of them lived in the Southern States where most still lived on farms growing cotton, sugar and tobacco. Although slavery had been abolished in 1865, black people were still treated very badly due to segregation.
What was segregation?
Segregation was a set of laws in the Southern states of America that discriminated against black people. They were also known as the Jim Crow Laws. The laws stopped people from sharing the same facilities as white people. They also stopped black people from being able to vote.
What were share-croppers?
Many black people were forced to work as share-croppers in the southern states. This meant that they would not get paid for months until the harvest of cotton, tobacco or sugar had been gathered or sold.
What was the KKK?
This was a racist and illegal organisation set up to persecute non-whites or non-protestants in the USA. The main group of people that the KKK persecuted were black people.
The KKK beat up and even murdered hundreds of black people from the 1930s and the 1960s. Membership of the KKK fell dramatically from milions in the 1920s to a few thousand by 1990.
What was lynching?
The illegal murder of black people usually by hanging by a rope from a tree. This was often organised by the KKK. The word 'lynching' has also been used for the general persecution of black people.
What was the Harlem Rensaissance?
This was when many talented black musicians did well for themselves by playing jazz and blues to white audiences in New York during the 1920s and early 1930s. Black epople in cities all across America were given the confidence to express their culture through literature, drama, dance, art and music. It as important because it probably led to black people having the confidence and bravery to begin protest in large numbers during the following decades.
What was the NAACP?
The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. It was set up in 1909 as an organisation to campaign for the rights of black people in America.
Describe how black people were affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s.
Black people suffered worse than white people. They had to face segregation as well as low wages and unemployment. The New Deal did help black people a little. About a million black people left the Southern States in the 1920s and 1930s to move to the northern states.
What was the Jim Crow Army?
This was black people being segregated in the US Army and the second World War.
What was the Double V Campaign?
This was black people fighting in the segregated US army against the racist Nazis, but also protesting against racism against black people back home in America.
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