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Sternocleidomastoid
Action:
Unilaterally flex head/neck to same side, rotate head/neck to opposite side
Bilaterally flex neck, assist to elevate rib cage
Origin:
Sternal head: top of manubrium
Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of the clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone and the lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
Anterior Scalene
Action
Unilaterally: laterally flex the head and neck to same side, rotate head to opposite side
Bilaterally: elevate ribs during inhale, flex head and neck
Origin: transverse process of third through sixth cervical vertebrae
Insertion: first rib
Middle Scalene
Origin: transverse process of second through seventh cervical vertebrae
Posterior Scalene
Origin: transverse process of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae
Insertion: second rib
Masseter
Action: elevate mandible, may assist to protract mandible
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: angle and ramus of mandible
Temporalis
Action: elevate mandible, retract mandible
Origin: temporal fossa and fascia
Insertion: coranoid process and anterior edge of ramus of mandible
Platysma
Action: assist to depress mandible, tighten fascia of neck, draw down corner of mouth
Origin: fascia covering superior part of pec major
Insertion: base of mandible, skin of lower part of face
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