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Realism
The school of thought which argues that the global political arena is made up of individual states, each with their own standards and no obligation to one another or a common morality. This school of thought more often aligns with a state's national interests of national security and economic prosperity. For example, Australia's realist campaign "Operation Sovereign Borders" aimed to help the state achieve national security.
Cosmopolitanism
The school of ethical thought in which it is believed that all human beings belong to a single community based on a common morality. This school of thought has led to the creation of treaties such as the responsibility to protect doctrine, which states that states should intervene where there are human rights abuses in other states, regardless of the sovereignty of those states.
Ethics
Ethics seek to address questions of morality. Ethics is the evaluative study of what actors on the global political stage ought to do, rather than the descriptive study of what they have done or are doing. For example, the UDHR is based on ethics.
Justice
The concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that seeks punishment when said ethics are breached. International systems of justice, such as the ICC, punish criminals for their unethical crimes.
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