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Properties of most giant covalent structures
High melting and boiling points
don’t conduct electricity
Aren’t soluble in water
Diamond
Network of carbon atoms that each form 4 covalent bonds
Rigid lattice structure very hard used to strengthen cutting tools
Graphite
Each carbon atom only forms three covalent bonds
No covalent bonds between the layers so can move over each other
Soft and slippery so ideal lubricating material
Carbons fourth outer electron is free so we can conduct electricity
Often used for electrodes
Graphene
Sheet of carbon atoms joined together in hexagons
Two-dimensional as only one atom thick
Fullerenes
Molecules of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls
Mainly arranged in hexagons or pentagons or heptagons
Can be used to cage as the molecules can be used to deliver drug directly to cells in body
Large surface area so can make good industrial catalysts
Nanotubes
Shaped like tiny cylinders of graphene
Strengthen materials without adding weight
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