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Explain the introduction for LO & Deliberate Practise in DES essay.
Exceptional skill = expertise - involves deliberate practise. LO = idea that one can cultivate talent for joy. DP = particular type of practise.
Will show DP = necessary, and LO necessary only in competition, but merely sufficient otherwise.
What is Paragraph 1 of LO & DP in DES essay?
What is expertise?
Describe What is expertise? - Paragraph 1 of LO & DP in DES.
Dev. of expertise.
Schemas - experts have better organised schema.
More able to trigger appropriate schema for solutions to problems.
Masters in domain (Chi, Glaser & Farr).
Skill doesn't cross over - Ericsson & Charness.
Norman = characterisation of expertise - smooth, automaticity, mental degradation, effort - like driving.
Maguire = taxi drivers hippocampi.
What is Paragraph 2 of LO & DP in DES essay?
Bloom 3 types of practise.
Describe Bloom 3 types of practise - Paragraph 2 of LO & DP in DES essay.
Bloom (1981) - 3 types of practise.
1. Play (children's sociocognitive development)
2. Deliberate practise (individualised training by trainer)
3. Work
1 &3 = forms of deliberate practise.
Deliberate practise = most important!
What is Paragraph 3 of LO & DP in DES essay?
Knowledge vs. Deliberate practise.
Describe Knowledge vs. Deliberate Practise - Paragraph 3 of LO & DP in DES essay.
High level of K not possible without prior DP.
e.g. Chess grandmaster - De Groot.
Watching video? Still = training!
Greater knowledge = better performance of skill & thus development of exceptional skill (Voss, Spilich & Chiesi).
K = key aspect of expertise - happens because of DP.
Chase & Simon - expert knowledge organised differently - organisation methods, e.g. chunking.
So DP = higher order/sacrament. But how much?
What is Paragraph 4 of LO & DP in DES essay?
10 year rule.
Describe 10 year rule - Paragraph 4 of LO & DP in DES essay.
Simon & Chase - 10 year rule.
e.g. Crossman cigar roller.
Therefore 10 years = guide as to when improvements decrease.
What is Paragraph 5 of LO & DP in DES essay?
What is learned optimism?
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