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Cells may communicate with one another by ____
Transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap junctions; Local-acting chemicals, called paracrines and autocrines; Long-distance means, which rely on combinations of electrical and chemical signals
Describe the characteristics of autocrine and paracrine control
Autocrine and paracrine control use chemicals (ligands) to regulate cell activity; Paracrine control is when a cell regulates its neighbor; Target cells have receptors that recognize and bind the specific chemical (paracrine, autocrine or hormone)
Peptide hormones regulate their target cells by
binding to cell surface receptors which activate intracellular signaling pathways
Describe the mechanism used by the tyrosine derivative hormones, epinephrine and thyroid hormone, to trigger their target cell's response
Thyroid hormone (TH) binds intracellular receptors to increase gene expression
When steroid hormones bind to their receptors
gene transcription is activated
Joanne presents to her physician with elevated plasma cortisol levels. She is administered dexamethasone, a drug used to suppress the secretion of ACTH from the pituitary gland. her plasma cortisol levels fall to normal 60 minutes after the dexamethasone treatment. Joanne's condition can be described as
Second pathology because suppression of the pituitary hormone, ACTH, corrected the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal gland
Describe steroid hormones
They require carrier proteins for delivery to target tissues
The single most important factor that determines whether a specific gene in a given cell can be regulated by growth hormone is the presence in this cell of
specific growth hormone receptors
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