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Piaget's theory
Development as a self regulating exploration of environment (knowledge system evolves)
Schema is altered to fit new environment
Applied to newly encountered environments
Four stages
Sensorimotor stage (0-24 months)- learning through action
Preoperational stage (2-7years)- learning through perception
Concrete operation stage(7-11years)- mental operations based on stable knowledge
Formal operations stage (11+)- abstract hypothetical, deductive
READ IN BERK CHAPTER 6 PLZPLZ
What is a stage
Qualitative difference in thinking, invariant order of emergence, concurrence across stages in different domains
Universal
Sensorimoter stage
0-24 months
Thinking and reasoning based on interaction with world
Progressive grown and knowledge refinement
Accommodation and assimilation
Object concept in sensorimotor stage
Stage 1 - reflexes
Stage 2 - primary circular reactions, motr habits centered around infants body, no anticipation of events, object in inextricably linked to act of manipulating it so no search
Stage 3 -secondary circular reactions, aimed at repeating interesting effects, no search for hidden object because inflexible repetitious
Stage 4 - co-ordinate secondary circular reactions, improved event anticipation, goal directed, hidden object retrieved but residual errors
Stage 5 - tertiary cr's, exploration of objects by novel intimation flexible novel, cannot solve invisible displacements
Stage 6 - object permanence through mental representation, internal visualisation, solved invisible displacement
A not B error
Stage 4 error
Hide object at Location A
Allow search infant finds object at A
Hide object at Location B
Infant goes to Location A regardless
Due to incomplete understanding of permanence of the object
Action- object relationship bound to location and 'reaching makes it reappear'
Kellman and Spelke (1983)
Four month olds
Habituation - dishabituation
Patterns of dishabituation suggest infants perceive boundaries of objects that's partially hidden through analysing movement.
Refutes Piaget's theory that object perception is simplistic
Nativist
Most skills are hard wired into brain, born with it
Hood and Willatts 1986
Shows 5 month old's ability to reach for objects when lights were turned on was reliable and they remembered positions (left or right)
Refutes theory of object permenance
Baillargeon 1985
When object is blocked, object search still goes on
refutes object permenance
out of site is not out of mind
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