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Federal Court System
The three-tiered structure of the federal courts, comprising U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeals, and the U.S. Supreme Court.
State Court System
A state judicial structure; most states generally have at least three court levels: trial courts, appellate courts, and a state supreme court
Jurisdiction
The territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority as determined by statute or constitution.
Original Jurisdiction
The lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts. The authority may be over a specific geographic area or over particular types of cases.
Appellate Jurisdiction
The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court.
Trial De Novo
Literally, "new trial". The term is applied to cases that are retried on appeal, as opposed to those that are simply reviewed on the record.
Court of Last Resort
The court authorized by law to hear the final appeal on a matter.
Appeal
The request that a court with appellate jurisdiction review the judgement, decision, or order of a lower court and set it aside (reverse it) or modify it.
State Court Administrator
A coordinator who assists with case-flow management, operating funds budgeting, and court docket administration.
Dispute-resolution Center.
An informal hearing place designed to medicate interpersonal disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court.
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