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NIC
Network interface controller / adaptor
Formats the data sent and received
Often built on chips on the motherboard
MAC Address
Every NIC has its own MAC number programmed into it (media access control)
This makes sure data is directed to the right computer
Hubs / Switch Use
Link computers so they can communicate with each other once they have connected to the network using a NIC
Hub features
Sends every message to every computer (creating unnecessary network traffic)
Affects the performance of networks
Switch features
Read the MAC address and only relay data to them
Reducing unnecessary network traffic
Router use
Connect different networks together and transfer data between computer networks
Wireless Access Point
Need wireless access points to connect to cables networks
Convert data received through cables into wireless signals and vice versa , send to all computers like hubs
Often used as hotspots
Diagram
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