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Psychosocial development
According to Erikson, development that encompasses changes both in the understandings individuals have of themselves as members of society and in their comprehension of the meaning of others' behavior
Initiative-versus-guilt stage
According to Erikson, the period during which children ages 3 to 6 years experience conflict between independence of action and the sometimes negative results of that action
Self-concept
A person's identity or self of beliefs about what one is like as an individual
Collectivistic orientation
A philosophy that promotes the notion of interdependence
Individualistic orientation
A philosophy that emphasizes personal identity and the uniqueness of the individual
Race dissonance
The phenomenon in which minority children indicate preferences for majority values or people
Identification
The process in which children attempt to be similar to their parent of the same sex, incorporating the parent's attitudes and values
Gender identity
The perception of oneself as male or female
Gender schema
A cognitive framework that organizes information relevant to gender
Gender constancy
The fact that people are permanently males to females, depending on fixed, unchangeable biological factors
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