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Sucrose
(Glucose + Fructose)
♢ Most abundant disaccharide ,
♢ Obtained commercially from sugar cane ,
♢ Most commonly found in plants in the phloem tissue and is transported in large amounts ,
♢ Very soluble therefore moved efficiently in high concentrations ,
♢ Relatively unreactive chemically and therefore does not enter general metabolism.
Lactose
(Glucose + Galactose)
♢ Major sugar in milk ,
♢ Important energy source in young mammals ,
♢ Digested slowly and therefore gives a steady release of energy.
Maltose
(Glucose + Glucose)
♢ Product of starch digestion by amalyse emzyme ,
♢ Occurs in animals and germinating seeds,
♢ Used in the brewing of beer as the germiating barley is stimulated and results in the conversion of starch to maltose. Maltose fermented by yeast to alcohol.
Starch
(Polysaccharide)
♢ Straight and branched chains of glucose molecules ,
♢ Storage molecule in plants ,
♢ Principle storage in plants.
Glycogen
♢ Storage molecule in animals ,
♢ Stored chiefly in the liver and muscles of vertebrates ,
♢ Provides a useful energy reserve ,
♢ Short chains and therfore can be quickly metabolized to release energy.
Cellulose
♢Structural component of all plant cell walls ,
♢ Straight, rigid chains of glucose molecules/residues ,
♢ High tensile strength due to the chains forming microfibrils ,
♢ Withstand osmotic pressure.
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