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Define thermoregulation
Maintaining body temperature by losing the same amount of heat that's gained
Why is body temperature higher than the external environment?
Metabolic activity produces a lot of heat
Why does heat need to be removed?
Highly increased temperature leads to nerve malfunction, a change in protein structures, and even death
Define dynamic equilibrium
Some factors contribute to heat gain, others to heat loss
How does temperature variation occur?
Activity, external temperature changes, body temperature cycle, menstruation, convection, conduction, radiation, evaporation of water from skin, breathing, urination and defecation
Define metabolic rate
Rate of energy release
Which factors affect metabolic rate?
1. Increased body temp of 1 deg. Increases rate by 10%
2. Stress - ANS and release of noradrenaline
3. Muscular activity during respiration
How is energy released?
By the anabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbs during cell respiration
How is most energy used?
1. Released as heat
2. Energy for muscles
3. Energy for active transport
Define peripheral thermoreceptors
Heat receptors in the skin and mucous membranes that sense the external temperature. There are cold and hot receptors.
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