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What is Bowlby's theory?
. Attachment theory - separation and loss
. Importance of primary bond with mother
. Need to form attachments is innate/biological . First five years of a child's life most important . If maternal bond is broken child will suffer from maternal deprivation
. First five years of a child's life most important . If maternal bond is broken child will suffer from maternal deprivation
. If maternal bond is broken child will suffer from maternal deprivation
. Future mental health depends on the success of the attachment in first few months
. When infants are separated from their mothers they become distressed and anxious
. Prolonged separation in the first 2 - 5 years causes the child loss and grief - goes in to despair, withdraws and detaches
. Complete deprivation is no attachment being formed
. Age of child - length of separation - degree of deprivation
. Partial deprivation when introduced to substitute mother
Bowlby's research methods
. Based on 44 juvenile thieves
. Maternal deprivation leads to delinquency
. Only studied children who displayed delinquent behaviour
. No control or comparison - biased
. Observational work of Joyce and James Robertson on children in residential care - John - Distress, Despair - Detachment
Criticisms of Bowlby
. Narrow focus on relationship with mother
. Ignore importance of other relationships
. Role of women traditional
. Made them feel guilty if they left their child
. Ignored possibility of child developing a number of attachments
. Secure attachment does not require constant contact with mother+baby
. Attachment to not always present at bit but may emerge
. Children deprived of mothers can have a strong attached with each other (residential)
. Emotional disturbance and antisocial behaviour can be influenced by home circumstances - not necessarily the separation from the mother (Rutter)
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