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Bernard Williams
Challenges the impartial rational approach. Utilitarianism undermines human feelings and integrity. Here he uses the George and Jim examples - the theory forces them to against thee personal beliefs.
Immanuel Kant
Is a deontological philosopher so believed things such as killing were intrinsically wrong, whatever the reason.
Believes we can never predict consequences completely accurately.
John Rawls
It is too focused on humanity as a whole and not enough on individual human beings. Utilitarianism ignores the 'seperateness oh human beings' leading to it causing injustice.
A J Ayer
It's wrong to base morality on human nature. Just because it is natural to seek pleasure does not mean we should always seek please.
Cannot move from 'descriptive statements' to 'prescriptive statements'.
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