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Blood or consanguinal ties are the most common way we experience kinship. Our "kin" is often taken to mean a brother or sister. Marriage, however, changes all of that. Anthropologists refer to kinship established by marriage as
an affinal relationship
Different cultures define kinship differently. Common to many is the idea that kinship helps everyone recognize who is related to who, which helps maintain the integrity of the incest taboo. In addition, nearly every culture includes an explicit understanding of how kinship confers rights around matters such as inheritance. More subtly, and often not made explicit in the defining of kinship, are
expectations placed on different relatives, such as mothers, fathers, uncles, etc.
For most societies, until quite recently, a marriage was done to meet social obligations. Only recently has love and pleasure become a reason to marry. Anthropology refers to these marital bonds as
companionate marriages
In India, the compulsory practice of a bride's family providing gifts to the groom's family upon marriage was outlawed in 1961, as it led to multiple cases of domestic violence. This practice was best known as which of the following terms?
dowry
In certain remote parts of Tibet, one woman will become married to all of the brothers in a particular family. Which term best describes this practice?
polyandry
In contrast to the English line of kings and queens, the Scottish had a system that was similar but was unable to establish any one group or ancestral line as undisputed leaders of the country. A large part of the problem was that there was insufficient documentation prior to about the 13th or 14th centuries. This particular type of kinship group is referred to as
a cal
In many cultures, the parents of the groom are expected to provide gifts, sometimes substantial, to the bride and her family. This establishes many social expectations—reciprocity, obligation and legitimacy of any offspring. This is known as
bride wealth
In the United States, law and custom forbid marriage to certain family members. These laws and customs perpetuate:
kindred exogamy.
Israel has seen an upending of how kinship is constructed and accepted. Reproductive technologies are paid for by insurance. Family planning services are not strongly promoted. And the country has more fertility clinics than any other nation on earth. All of these ideals lead to pressure to reproduce the family and the nation itself. A considerable amount of this pressure lands on the woman, in part because
Jewishness passes down matrilineally from mother to child.
Reproductive technologies are blossoming and include a host of new technologies. Despite the advent of dramatic technologies such as cloning, reproductive technologies have been around for a very long time and include
abortion
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