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What was happening in Europe in response to increased Protestantism?
Counter-reformation
Give 2 aspects of Catholic doctrine that were being reasserted in Europe as part of the counter-reformation
The concept of transubstantiation and the 7 sacrements
What was set up in response to criticism of the Church?
The Council of Trent (1545 - 63) commission of cardinals
What reforms did the Council of Trent make in response to criticism of the Church?
Improved education/training for all priests, banned indulgences, ended bishops' pluralism
Which groups were established in Europe as part of the counter-revolution?
New religious orders whose duty was to be fully devoted to God
What were the 3 main religious orders set up as part of the counter reformation and what was significant about each?
Ursulines (taught girls), Capuchins (cared for the poor) and Jesuits (preachers and missionaries)
What was the most negative aspect of the counter-reformation? Why?
Rooting out heresy as torture and execution were used
What was the most famous attack on heresy?
The Spanish inquisition
What was Mary's popularity like at the start of her reign compared to at the end?
She was widely popular at the start of her reign, but by the end her popularity had greatly declined
What was the main aim of Mary's reign?
To reinstate Catholic doctrines, services and ornaments in the Church
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