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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sterilization |
Destroy all microbes |
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Disinfectant |
Destroy pathogens, not endospors on inanimate objects |
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Anticeptic |
Disinfectant applide to skin |
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sanetization |
Cleaning technique used to mechanically remove microbes |
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Degerminiation |
Reduce number of microbes |
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Lysis |
Microbe cell death permanent loss of reproductive ability |
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Pathogen |
infectious agent |
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4 modes of action |
1. destroy cell wall 2. destroy cell membrane by soap/detergent 3. stop replication, transcription, protein synthesis 4. interfere with ribosomes |
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Moist Heat |
Steam under pressure, lower temp, shorter exposure time, effects protein Autoclave 15 psi, 121 C 10-40 min |
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Non pressurized steam Tyndallization |
Free flowing steam for 30-60 min. subject to steam again
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Boiling |
100 c for 30 min. disenfect |
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Dry Heat |
moderate to high temp. dehydration alters protein structure Incineration |
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Thermal Death Time (TDT) |
Shortest time to kill all microbes 63-66 c 71.6 c for 15 sec (flash) |
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Microbiostatic Refrigerator |
slows growth of microbes 0-15 c for refrigerator <0 for freezing |
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Germicidal catigories |
1. Halogens: Iodine, chlorine bleach, sodium hyper-chloride, natures protein 2. phenolics: Break cell wall, effect protein, bacteria, fungi, viral, NO SPORES 3. Chlorhexidine: strong disinfectant, used on skin, scrubs, burns, effect protein 4. Alcohols: Ethel, Issopropal, dissolve cell membrane, effect protein 5. Hydrogen Peroxide: week, damage protein, produce O2 gas, H2O2 6. Detergents/ Soaps: effect cell membranes of bacteria and fungi. Mechanically remove sail & grease containing microbes 7. Heavy Metal: solution of silver & mercury kills microbes & their proteins. Silver, Gold, Mercury 8. Aldehydes: formaldehyde, Disinfectant/preservative very toxic formalin: replaced formaldehyde Glutaraldehyde=cydex |
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How antibiotics effect the cell |
Against life produce from fungi or bacteria. man made 1. inhibition of cell wall synthesis 2. disruption of cell membrane structure & function 3. inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 4. inhibition of protein synthesis 5. blocks key metabolic pathways |
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Spectrum of antibiotic Drugs Narrow VS. Broad |
Spectrum: range activity of a drug gram+ or gram- NOT BOTH Narrow spectrum: Effective on a small range of microbes EX. Target specific component found only in certain microbes Broad Spectrum: greatest range of activity target cell components common to most pathogens EX. Gram+ and Gram- both can be used choramphenical Tetracycline Sulfonimides |
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Penicillin |
can be synthesized in lab man made more economical to obtain natural penicillin form mold |
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Cephalosporins |
majority of all antibiotics Isolated from cephalosporium acremonium molds GENERIC: Cef, Ceph, Kef |
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Tetracycline |
broad spectrum, block protein synthesis by binding ribosomes low cost oral drugs Aureomycin, Terramycin, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, minocycline Treatment for : STD, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, lymph disease, typhus, acne, protozoa |
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Chloramphenical Erythromycin |
isolated form streptomyces venezuelar no longer derived from natural souses Potent broad spectrum drug with unique nitro benzine structure comes from mold low toxicity |
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Drug Resistance |
use to much indiscriminate misuse of script food sources : antibiotic in meat |
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Effects |
5% experience serious adverse reaction damage to tissue due to toxicity of drug allergic reaction description in the balance of normal flora-super infection possible |
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Treating Fungal infection |
Nustatin- Kills yeast Griseofulvin- Kills skin infections |
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Antiviral Chemotherapeutic Agent |
selective toxicity: intraccellular paracytes block penetration of host wall block transcription or translation of viral genetic material AZT Thymine impostor Relemzat, Tamiflu: effect enzymes |
