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12 Cards in this Set
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Josef Stalin
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A major leader and dictator of the Soviet Union, especially after the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924. Ruling over the nation for more than 30 years, Stalin served as the first General Secretary of the Communist Party in 1922. Stalin was known for being a leader in the Battle of Moscow during “Operation Barbarossa” in 1941.
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Kulaks
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a category of relatively affluent peasants in the Soviet Union. Under Stalin’s collectivization policy, he viewed small peasant farms as a threat to state power. So he “liquidated” the kulaks by confiscating their land and sending them to labor camps. As a result, many of them became angry and held back grain; a mass famine eventually broke out (5-8 million peasants died in Ukraine alone).
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
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He was the founder and first governor-general of Pakistan. Jinnah took on active roles within the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. Like other Muslims, he was unwilling to live in a Hindu-dominated India. During the Partition of India in 1947, he rehabilitated 60 million Muslims who migrated from India. Jinnah died in 1948.
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Jawaharlal Nehru
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the first prime minister of India who took office in 1947. He was once mentored by Mohandas Gandhi. Both Gandhi and Nehru led the Indian National Congress that pushed for a peaceful decolonization and call for independence. In fact, Nehru (along with Gandhi) created the “Quit India” campaign during WWII.
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Potsdam Conference
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This was a post-World War II conference held in 1945 by the big three Allied Nations: the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union. During the conference, there was an agreement over an unconditional surrender for Japan. However Stalin would not agree with the other nations concerning Poland. Therefore President Truman threatened to cut off aid to Russia; Stalin chose no U.S. aid.
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Doctrine of Containment
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a policy pursued by the United States in the late 1940s and the early 1950s. This policy, created by George Kennan, served as the central focus during most of the Cold War. It mainly used military, economic, & diplomatic strategies to prevent spread of communism.
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Battle of Dien Bien Phu
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the battle of the First Indochina War between the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps and the Viet Minh forces in 1954. The battle occurred between March and May 1954 and culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina at Geneva.
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Partition of India
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was the partition of British India that led to the creation of the Dominion of Pakistan in 1947 and the secular Union of India. Muhammad Ali Jinnah played a major role in aiding the migrating Muslims from India. India became known as the “Republic of India” with approximately 350 million Hindus.
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100 Flowers Movement
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a brief interlude in the People's Republic of China from 1956 to 1957 during which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) encouraged intellectuals and non-party members to criticize and offer advice about national policy issues. As thousands of letters poured in, Mao Zedong viewed this movement as a threat to his power and eventually labeled 30,000 intellectuals as “rightists.”
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Great Leap Forward
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the social and economic campaign undertaken by the Chinese communists between 1958 and 1961 to organize its vast population, especially in large-scale rural communes, to meet China's industrial and agricultural problems. This campaign was led by Mao Zedong.
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Cultural Revolution
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A violent movement launched by Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong during his last decade in power (1966–76). It was for the destruction of old culture, which included highly respected political figures and intellectuals being attacked. Education systems were upturned, political chaos occurred, and 1-1.5 million people were killed. It ended with Mao’s death in 1976.
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Gang of Four
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the most powerful members of a radical political elite convicted for executing the harsh policies directed by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) chairman Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). The group included Mao's third wife - Jiang Qing, Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, and Yao Wenyuan.
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