Conservation Biology Final Exam Flashcards

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Ecological restoration

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the process ofassisting the recovering of degraded,damaged or destroyed ecosystems (SER)

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Restoration Ecology

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the scientific studyof restoration

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Compensatory mitigation

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when ecologicalrestoration is used to create orrehabilitate a site to compensate fordestruction through developmentelsewhere.

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Reference sites

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existing sites that act ascontrols with species and functions thatare goals for your project

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Rehabilitation

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Replaced with different but productiveecosystem type

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Partial restoration

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At least some of the ecosystem functions andsome of the original, dominant species arerestored

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Complete restoration

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Area is completely restored to original speciescomposition and structure by an activeprogram of site modification and speciesreintroduction

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Reconciliation ecology

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developing urbanplaces where people and biodiversity cancoexist

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U.S. Endangered Species Act

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Established in 1973 by congress, signed by Nixon“provide a means whereby the ecosystems uponwhich endangered species and threatenedspecies depend may be conserved and toprovide a program for the conservation of suchspecies”

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Threatened Species

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are likely to becomeendangered within the foreseeable future

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Endangered Species

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are likely to becomeextinct within the foreseeable future

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Candidate species

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listing is warranted butprecluded

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G1: Critically Imperiled

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Typically 5 or fewer occurrences orless than 1,000 remaining individuals.

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G2: Imperiled

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Typically 6 to 20 occurrences or between1,000 and 3,000 remaining individuals.

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G3: Vulnerable

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Vulnerable either because rare anduncommon, or found only in a restricted range (even ifabundant at some locations). Typically 21 to 100 occurrencesor between 3,000 and 10,000 remaining individuals.

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Critical Habitat

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designated when a species isproposed for listing.

– Specific geographic area that contains featuresessential to the species’ conservation

• May include currently unoccupied habitat

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Recovery Plans

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delineate reasonable actions thatare believed to be required to recover/protectlisted species

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5-year Reviews

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periodic reviews of all availabledata to assess current status

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Economic Development

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increase efficiency & improved organization does not necessarily increase natural resourceconsumption

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Economic Growth

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"material" increase in resourceconsumption

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Land trusts

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Private, non-profit conservationorganizations established to protectland

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Conservation easements

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landowners are compensated to give upright to develop

Receive funds, lower taxes, or otherbenefit

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Limited development/conservation development

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Compromise between landowner,developer, and conservationorganization

Only part is destroyed,

rest becomes easement

Benefits to all

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Conservation Leasing

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landowners actively manage land forbiodiversity protection in exchange for…

Tax deductions and payments helpdefray cost

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Conservation banking

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How conservation leasing can be financed

Landowner actively manages or restoresfor biodiversity or protecting anendangered species Landowner is paid by a developer incompensation for the developerdestroying habitat elsewhere (mitigation)

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Payments for ecosystem services (PES)

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Related to conservation banking

Landowner is paid for providing specificconservation services

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Additionality

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Net positive difference that results fromtaking action compared to not taking action

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Leakage

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Negative impacts somewhere elsebecause of protection efforts

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Conservation concessions

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Conservation organizations outbidlogging companies or other extractiveindustries for rights to use the land

Must be monitored closely to make sureagreements are being carried out.

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Ecocolonialism

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Disregarding traditional rights and practices oflocal people to establish new conservation areas

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Legal Title

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Right to ownership recognized by government

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Co-management

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Partnership of traditional people, governmentagencies & conservation agencies

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THE Priority Actions for American Consumers

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• TRANSPORTATION• HOUSEHOLD OPERATIONS• EATING

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Dr. Sher's LLOWW down on eating

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• Local• Low on food chain• Organic• Watch what you eat from the Water• Don’t Worry! (be a flexitarian)