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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psychoactive drugs
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drugs that act on the nervous system, one if the main effects is to alter consciousness
- dopamine increase= reward and pleasure |
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Narcotics (opiates)
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- opium, morphine, heroin, oxycontin
- relefe of pain and anxiety, relaxation - effects: neasua, mental impairment motor skills |
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depressants (sedative and alcholhol)
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- barbiturates. benzodiazepines and inhalants
- effects: decrease centeral nervous system activity, relaxation,impaired thinking and motor activity |
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stimulants
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- cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine
- effects: activate the central nervous system, feelings of euphoria, rapid heart beat, anxiety, paranoia |
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hallucinogens and pcp (phenylclidine)
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- peyote, phenylclidine, lysergic acid diethylamide (lsd)
- effects: act on the CNS and cause distortions in sensory perception, dont really change level of arousal |
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cannabis
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- hemp plant
- may be classified as depressants, or hallucinogens (milder) - pot, hashish - effects: THC is the active ingrediant, has a depressant effect on the CNS, may have either a depressant or stimulant effect, enhanceed sensory experience, relaxation, anxiety and paranoia |
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MDMA
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- ecstasy
- could be classified as hallucinogen or an amphetamine or stimulant - methylenedioxymethamphetamine - effects: increased energy, decrease social inhibitions, impacts the serotonin systems in CNS |
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physical dependence
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the body has become accustomed to the presence of the drug, and when the drug is discontinued it produces a with drawl effect
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addiction
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referes to the state where the body requires drug in order to feel normal
- the drug has altered that functioning of the body |
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tolerance
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with continued usage the body begins to require larger doses of the drug in order to produce the same level of effect as was previously attained through a lower dose
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psychological dependence
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desire to continue the drug for its emotional effects, refers to the user's tendency to center life on the drug
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DSM- substance related and addictive disorders are divided into 2 groups
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1. substance use disorders
2. substance induced disorders |
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consciousness
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the awareness of our external and internal environment
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unconscious
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freud says: most of our thoughts are out of our awareness (thoughts, desires, emotions that may be unacceptable to our conscious mind)
medical says: it has been interrupted by some medical condition/truma (but the body may still show some level of reactivity) |
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subconscious awareness
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activity and processing that are just beneath the surface of our awareness (dream, automatic process)
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primary awareness
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1. uncontrolled awareness: daydreaming and automatic processing requiring minimal attention (riding bike)
2. controlled awareness: where your conscious attention is focused (focusing your attention) |
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self-awarness
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- aka metacognition
- thinking about your own thinking processes |
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altered states of awarness
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any mental state that is different from normal (fatigue, drugs, trauma, hypnosis)
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states of consciousness
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1. altered states of awareness
2. self-awarness 3. primary awareness (controlled & uncontrolled) 4. subconscious awareness |
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function of sleep
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1. physical recuperation: to repair the strains of the day, can function while sleep deprived
2. mental recuperation: slows ability to learn, poorly on higher order brain functioning tasks, has support from the mental recuperation theory |
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What is sleep?
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and altered state of consciousness
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EEG
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measures the electrical activity in the brain (brain waves)
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stages of sleep
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stage1- transition between sleep and wakefulness, some theta activity
stage2- an intermediate stage of sleep, mostly theta activity, but that is norm intrupted by: sleep spindles and k complexes, sleeper will not see anything even is eyes are open stage3- the start of deep sleep, theta activity is decreasing in F and increasing in A, turning into delta activity (slow wave sleep) stage4- mainly delta activity, the brain's metabolism slows down to approx 75% (slow wave sleep) takes less then an hour to reach initial period of the 4 stages, and it lasts for 30 min |
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REM sleep
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rapid eye movement
- characterized by low a and f activity, dreams, rapid eye movement, muscular paralysis - beta and theta activity - stages 1-4 is non REM sleep - alternate between rem and non-rem sleep 4 to 6 times per night, each cycle lasting 90 min - rapid EEG waves, genital activity, dreams |
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slow wave sleep
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slow EEG waves, lack of muscular paralysis, slow or absent eye movement, lack of genital activity
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