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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
result in increased pulmonary blood flow |
ventricular septal defect (VSD) atrial septal defect patent ductus arteriosus |
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results in decreased pulmonary blood flow |
Tetralogy of Fallot tricuspid atresia |
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results in obstruction to blood flow |
Coarctation of the aorta Pulmonary stenosis Aortic stenosis |
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results in mixed blood flow |
Transposition of the great arteries Truncus arteriosus Hypoplastic left heart failure |
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s/s of ventricular septal defect |
-loud, harsh murmur heard at the left sternal border -heart failure -many of these close spontaneously |
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s/s of atrial septal defect |
- loud harsh murmur with a fixed split second heart sound -heart failure -possibly asymptomatic |
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s/s of patent ductus arteriosus |
- murmur (machine hum) - wide pulse pressure - bounding pulses - possibly asymptomatic - heart failure |
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a condition in which the normal fetal circulation conduit between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close |
(PDA) patent ductus arteriosus |
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s/s pulmonary stenosis |
- systolic ejection murmur - possibly asymptomatic - cyanosis varies with defect, worse with severe narrowing - heart failure |
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a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or of the pulmonary artery |
pulmonary stenosis |
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s/s aortic stenosis in infants |
- faint pulses - hypotension - tachycardia - poor feeding tolerance |
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s/s aortic stenosis in children |
- intolerance for exercise - dizziness - chest pain - possible ejection murmur |
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a narrowing of the lumen of the aorta, usually at or near the ductus arteriosis |
coarctation of the aorta |
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s/s coarctation of the aorta |
- elevated BP in the arms - bounding pulses in the upper extremities - decreased BP in the lower extremities - cool skin of lower extremities - weak or absent femoral pulses - heart failure in infants - dizziness, HAs, syncope or nosebleeds in older children |
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a condition in which the aorta is connected to the right ventricle instead of the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle. A septal defect or a PDA must exist in order to oxygenate blood |
transposition of the great arteries |
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s/s transposition of the great arteries |
- murmur depending on presence of associated defects - severe to less severe cyanosis depending on the size of the associated defect - cardiomegaly - heart failure |
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a complete closure of the tricuspid valve that results in mixed blood flow. An atrial septal opening needs to be present to allow blood to enter the left atrium |
tricuspid atresia |
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s/s tricuspid atresia in infants |
- cyanosis
- dyspnea - tachycardia |
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s/s tricuspid atresia in children |
- hypoxemia - clubbing of fingers |
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four heart defects: 1-pulmonary stenosis 2- ventricular septal defect 3- overriding aorta 4- right ventricular hypertrophy |
Tetralogy of Fallot |
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s/s Tetralogy of Fallot |
- cyanosis at birth-progressive cyanosis over the first year of life -systolic murmur - episodes of acute cyanosis and hypoxia (blue spells) |
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a failure of septum formation, resulting in a single vessel that comes off of the ventricles |
Truncus arteriosus |
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s/s truncus arteriosus |
- heart failure - murmur - variable cyanosis - lethargy - fatigue - poor feeding habits |
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left side of the heart is underdeveloped. An atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent foramen ovale allows for oxygenation of the blood |
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
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s/s hypoplastic left heart syndrome |
- mild cyanosis - heart failure - lethargy - cold hands and feet - once patent ductus arteriosus closes, progression of cyanosis and decreased cardiac output result in eventual cardiac collapse. |
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s/s impaired myocardial function d/t heart failure |
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s/s pulmonary congestion d/t heart failure |
tachypnea / dyspnea retractions / nasal flaring / grunting wheezing cyanosis cough orthopnea exercise intolerance |
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s/s systemic venous congestion d/t heart failure |
hepatomegaly peripheral edema ascites neck vein distension periorbital edema weight gain |
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s/s hypoxemia |
cyanosis poor weight gain tachypnea dyspnea clubbing polycythemia |
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s/s hypercyanotic spells |
AKA blue spells or Tet spells acute cyanosis and hyperpnea |
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digoxin Lanoxin |
improves myocardial contractility |
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withhold digoxin |
infant's pulse is < 90 / min children's pulse is < 70 / min |
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digoxin toxicity |
- bradycardia - dysrhythmias - N/V or anorexia |
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captopril (Capoten) |
ACE inhibitor reduces afterload by causing vasodilation |
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enalapril (Vasotec) |
reduces afterload by causing vasodilation resulting in decreased pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance |
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which drugs indicate monitoring of BP before and after administration |
captopril (Capoten) enalapril (Vasotec) |
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which medication indicates the need to monitor for hyperkalemia |
captopril and enalapril |
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metoprolol or carvedilol (Coreg) |
beta blockers which decrease heart rate and BP and promote vasodilation |
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nursing considerations for furosemide or chlorothiazide |
encourage diet high in K monitor I and O monitor for hypokalemia, N/V and dizziness monitor daily weight |