Congenital Anomalies

Front 1

Which type of ASD is this?

Back 1

Ostium Secundum

Front 2

Usually closes within 15 hours of birth and seals within 2-3 weeks

Back 2

PDA

Front 3

What type of defect?

Back 3

Trabecular septal defect

Front 4

Most common cyanotic lesion in the adult population

Children may experience squatting episodes

Symptoms depend on size of VSD, the degree of pulmonic stenosis and the degree of aorta malalingment.

Back 4

Tetralogy of fallot

Front 5

Right ventricle become atrialized

Back 5

Ebstiens anomaly

Front 6

Two independent parallel circuits. Life depends on some intermixing of the two circuits. Arterial switch

Back 6

Dextro-TGA

Front 7

located in the inferior portion of the IAS. When the septum primum fails to fuse w/ the endocardial cushions

Back 7

Ostium primum

Front 8

VSD high on the septal wall near the valves

Back 8

Membranous septum

Perimembranous septum

And outlet septum

Front 9

Disruption of division of the common trunk into the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Back 9

Transposition of the great arteries

Front 10

When there is a communication between right and left heart blood travels

Back 10

From high pressure to low pressure

Front 11

Corrected TGA is when the anatomic RV becomes the___ and the anatomic LV becomes the___

Back 11

Arterial ventricle

Venous ventricle

Front 12

Results from failure of IAS to close and allows blood to shunt between LA and RA

Back 12

ASD

Front 13

Ostium secundum is the ___ common ASD. Located in the mid portion of the IAS

Back 13

Most

Front 14

small to medium VSD may close with growth of the child. Large VSD may require

Back 14

Surgery

Front 15

In a normal heart the pulmonary blood flow is equal to systemic bloodflow. The Qp:Qs ratio is___

Back 15

1:1

Front 16

The severity of cyanosis in the patient with D-TGA depends on the

Back 16

Intermixing of blood

Front 17

Sinus venosus ASD is located in the superior portion of the IAS near the junction of the

Back 17

SVC and RA

Front 18

What anomalies are associated with sinus venosus ASD?

Back 18

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return

Front 19

Coronary sinus ASD is rare, located in the inferior septal area near the

Back 19

Coronary sinus

Front 20

VSD are usually

Back 20

7mm to 3cm in diameter

Front 21

Hemodynamic effect of an ASD depends on

Back 21

Size and direction, compliance if ventricles, and response of the pulmonary vascular bed

Front 22

Direction of blood through a shunt depends on

Back 22

Pulmonary vascular resistance and systemic vascular resistance

Front 23

In utero shunt usually travels

Back 23

Right to left

Because the pulmonary vascular resistance is higher than the systemic vascular resistance

Front 24

Type of VSD that has a shunt between ventricle and atria, common is Downs syndrome patients

Back 24

Endocardial cushion defect

Front 25

Systemic flow travels from RA, RV, Aorta, body, RA

Pulmonary venous flow travels from LA,LV,pulmonary artery,lungs,LA

Back 25

Dextro-TGA (d-tga or simple tga)

Great arteries are switched

Front 26

Pulmonary venous flow travels to LA, anatomic RV, aorta, body

Systemic flow travels to RA, anatomic LV, pulmonary artery,lungs, back to the LA again

Back 26

Levo TGA (l-TGA or corrected TGA)

The ventricles are switched

Front 27

With ebstiens anomaly associated findings are

Back 27

PFO, ASD, and right heart failure

Front 28

Pulmonic stenosis in the RVOT creating RVOT obstruction

Back 28

Infundibular (subvalvular)

Front 29

Inlet septal VSD is located between

Back 29

AV valves

Front 30

With ASD and VSD Qp= and Qs=

Back 30

Qp=SVRVOT Qs=SV of the LVOT

Front 31

With a PDA Qp and Qs equal

Back 31

Qp= SVLVOT Qs=SVRVOT

Front 32

Trabecular or muscular VSD is located between the

Back 32

Ventricles and may present in multiples

Front 33

Supravalvular Pulmonic stenosis is in the

Back 33

Main pulmonary artery just above the pulmonic valve

Front 34

Abnormality where AO and PA rise from common trunk, blood from ventricles mix and exit through a single valve

Back 34

Truncus arteriosus

Front 35

Which view has best doppler angle for trabecular VSD

Back 35

Subcostal

Front 36

If the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth, results in communication between ___ and ___

Back 36

Aorta and pulmonary artery

Front 37

A hole in the center of the heart and a common valve

Back 37

Endocardial cushion defect aka Atrioventricular canal defect aka Atrioventricular septal defect

Hint 37

Butterfly appearance

Front 38

The severity of this depends on size of the VSD, degree of pulmonic stenosis and position of the aorta

Back 38

Tetralogy of fallot

Front 39

Cleft mitral valve involves a division I'm the anterior or or posterior leaflet

Back 39

Anterior (most common)

Posterior (rare)

Front 40

Membranous or perimembranous VSD is between the AOV and the annulus of the

Back 40

Tricuspid valve

Front 41

Most common cause of pulmonic stenosis

Back 41

Congenital

Front 42

Infant with hypoplastic left heart syndrome may appear normal at birth. Soon after birth a sudden worsening of symptoms is caused by

Back 42

The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale close

Front 43

If the peak pg is 50 mmhg what is the degree of pulmonic stenosis?

Back 43

Moderate

Front 44

Pulmonic stenosis PG method

Back 44

Front 45

After birth, pulmonary vascular resistance is lower than systemic and shunt reverses ( pulmonary blood flow is increased so Qp:Qs is around 2:1) With Eisenmengers syndrome

Back 45

The shunt reverses direction again (0.7:1 ratio)

Front 46

Ostium primum (ASD1)

Back 46

Inferior (closer to valves)

May have deformed mitral valve

Happens when septum primum fails to fuse with endocardial cushions

Front 47

Ostium secundum (ASD2)

Back 47

Most common

Mid portion -in the secundum (not to be confused w/ pfo- between the primum and secundum)

Front 48

Sinus Venous ASD

Back 48

Superior - near the SVC and pulmonary veins

May have partial anomalous pulmonary venous return