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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Conformity
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Change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure
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Three types of conformity
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Compliance
Obedience Acceptance |
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Asch’s Studies of Group Pressure
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Perceptual judgment experiment
Six confederates gave incorrect answers to see if participant would agree even if he knew it was the incorrect answer |
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Milgram’s Obedience Experiments
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Tested what happens when the demands of authority lash with the demands of conscience
Teacher “shocks” learner at the insistence of experimenter 65 percent of participants continued beyond expectations |
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Ethics of Milgram’s Experiment
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Critics said the Milgram’s experiment stressed the participants against their will
They argued that the participants’ self-esteem may have been altered Milgram stated that the critic’s controversy was “terribly overblown” |
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Breeds Obedience
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Victim’s distance or depersonalization
Closeness and legitimacy of the authority Institutional authority Liberating effects of group influence |
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Group Size
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3 to 5 people will elicit more conformity than just 1 or 2
Groups greater in size than 5 yields diminishing returns |
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Unanimity
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Observing another’s dissent can increase our own independence
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Cohesion
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“We feeling”; extent to which members of a group are bound together, such as by attraction for one another
The more cohesive a group is, the more power it gains over its members |
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Status
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Higher-status people tend to have more impact
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Public Response
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People conform more when they must respond in front of others rather than writing their answers privately
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No Prior Commitment
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Most people having made a public commitment stick to it
Example: Teens who make a public virginity-till-marriage pledge become somewhat more likely to remain sexually abstinent |
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Normative Influence
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Based on a person's desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain acceptance
Produced by social image |
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Informational Influence
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Occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people
Produced by desire to be correct |
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Reactance
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Motive to protect or restore one’s sense of freedom
Arises when someone threatens our freedom of action |
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Asserting Uniqueness
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We act in ways that preserve our sense of individuality
In a group, we are most conscious of how we differ from others |
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Compliance
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conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing
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obedience
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acting in accord with a direct order or command
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acceptance
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conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure
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autokinetic phenomenon
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the apparent movement of a stationary point of light in the dark
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