Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Data? (Data, Information, Knowledge)
|
Everything is potential Data, but what you pay attention to is actual Data.
|
|
|
What is Information? (Data, Information, Knowledge)
|
It is what each person makes of their data when they make sense of it.
|
|
|
What is knowledge? (Data, Information, Knowledge)
|
Knowledge is what you already know. It is information that stays with you.
|
|
|
Distinguish cue, frame and connection as parts of the process of making sense.
|
Cues: are the things in the data that you are curious about and pay attention to.
Frames: The knowhatledge that you have and use to make sense of the cues. Connection: This is the way the individual makes sense of cues by using their own frames. Because we all have different cues and frames, we can all observe the same thing and come up with many different perceptions. |
|
|
Explain and Apply the three stages of making sense.
|
Enactment: This is what we do in a given situation to frame things into data.
Selection: This is where we reduce uncertainty by framing data into information. Retention: this is where the information is framed into knowledge as a way to stay with us. Data to Information to Knowledge |
|
|
Explain the relationship between object perceptions and social perceptions to content cues and social cues
|
Content cues are stories that you use to create your object perceptions, which are your perceptions about things and concepts that you are not involved in.
Your social perceptions are you perceptions and expectations for others as well as yourself, and also for your relationships with others. Social cues are what we use to form our social perceptions. |
|
|
Distinguish four levels of perception
|
Facts: Verifiable, true or false descriptions. (The football field is 100 yards)
Inferences: This is where we relate facts together through expectations and explanations (The man is wearing padding, a jersey, and a helmet we assume he plays football. He could just be an actor) Evaluations: This is where our preferences come into play and we make evalutions about things. (The guy in the uniform is too small to be a good football player). Intentions: Where we decide our courses of action, whether to approach or avoid. This is where we ask ourselves "what do I do now?" |
|
|
Explain four characteristics of relational rules
|
FOLLOWABLE PRESCRIPTIONS of BEHAVIOR in a given SITUATION
Followable: Something you are able to do but do not have to do. Prescirptions: Tells you the behavior that pertains to you, that you should do this because it is expected. Behavior: The behavior itself (be repsectful) Situation: Each situation is different and calls for a different kind of behavior. IN CURCH |
|
|
Distinguish agreement from accuracy
|
Agreement is when two people share an understanding of something without adding their own evaluations.
Accuracy describes how accurate one person is at understanding the perceptions of the other. |
|
|
Distinguish five types of episodes
|
Episode:a discrete set of messages between two or more people in an interdependant sequence (a conversation).
a. Instrumental social routines - cashier at grocery store b. Rituals - I love you and I love you more c. Improvisation - Unscripted, natural conversation. d. Impromptu - running into someone on the street e. Simultaneous monologue, incoherent |
|
|
Explain the key features of the definition of conflict
|
Interaction: An episode where there is an expressed struggle. This is the part of the conflict where there is some sort of back and forth of verbal and non-verbal messages, no single statements.
Of interdependent parties: This is not inner-conflict, it requires more than one person who rely on each other in some way. Who perceive: It only takes one person's perceptions of a situation to start a conflict. This could be from a simple misunderstanding. Incompatible differences: The parties percieve their desires and expectations to be incompatible. This could be from different goals, a lack of resources, and inferences. |
|
|
Distinguish three major types of conflict:
|
Pseudo conflict- misunderstanding, can usually be resolved through paraphrasing, self-disclosure, personal language, questions
Simple conflict- competition over something, goal is to win. Not attacking the person, but the actual situation. Differences—always learn Ego defensive conflict- attacking the person, and defending your own ego. |
|
|
Explain how flexibility, differentiation, and integration are part of all conflict interaction
|
The amount of flexibility each party brings to the conflict determines how much they are willing to compromise and collaborate to come up with a resolution. Differentiation is when parties express their positions and discuss their differences while integration is the part of conflict where they seek common ground to come up with a solution both can agree to.
Flexibility plus differention determine whether the conflict could escalate or be avoided while integration is how the conflict is resolved. |
|
|
Explain the four properties of conflict
|
A. Conflict is constituted and sustained by moves and countermoves during interaction.
B. Patterns of behavior in a conflict tend to perpetuate themselves C. Conflict influences and is influenced by relationships D. Conflict is influenced by the historical, relational, and situational context. |
|
|
Explain how aggression, anxiety, suppression, and displacement might affect a conflict episode
|
Aggression and anxiety are how our frustrations manifest themselves and can cause us to become combative when in conflict.
Suppression is when we simply don’t acknowledge our frustration and channel our feelings into different activities, like working harder at a job or in school. Displacement is when aggression is directed at something other than the source of one's frustration. |
|
|
Explain how conflict assumptions and standards might affect the enactment of conflict
|
Assumptions about whether conflict is a good or bad thing might cause people to avoid or engage in conflict. Standards about how conflict should be handled might affect enactment when one feels the time or place is appropriate or inappropriate for conflict. Standards also tell us how we should act when in conflict.
|
|
|
Explain how scripts might relate to escalation and avoidance?
|
a script is a cognitive structure that describes appropriate sequences of events in an episode.
People have scripts for episodes and therefore have expectations for the actions of both parties. If these expectations are violated this can lead to escalation. |
|
|
Distinguish the six dimensions of conflict frames
|
Instrumentality- the degree to which the party focuses on factual or substantive issues and outcomes
Other assessment- the degree to which the party focuses on the others conducts judging whether it is good/bad, right/wrong, or fair/unfair Affect- the degree to which the party has negative emotions toward the other or the conflict in general Face- the degree to which the party focuses on issues related to self-image Affiliation- the degree to which the party is concerned with finding a mutually acceptable solution and maintaining a good relationship with the other. Distributiveness- the degree to which the party interpreted the conflict is win-lose or competitive terms |
|
|
Distinguish the difference between emotions and feelings
|
Emotions - A physiological response to a given situation that can not be controlled. (initial response to the situation. they are shaped by our own interpretation of the situation)
Feelings- An awareness of an emotion and then framing it. We have control over our feelings. Feeling is making sense of an emotion. |
|
|
Explain how emotions are related to violating expectations.
|
Many emotions are caused by violating expectations.
|
|
|
Distinguish three dimensions of emotions
|
Arousal/Intensity (how strong the emotion is)
Direction (approach/avoid) can impact our desire to confront the problem Power/Dominance (your ability to do anything about the situation and emotions) |
|
|
Explain emotional contagion and flooding.
|
Contagion: the ability to catch someone else’s emotions
Flooding: Emotions that happen simultaneously or are so intense that you simply cant function. |
|
|
Distinguish six common feelings in conflict
|
Anger- Hostility towards someone else when there is perceived incompatibility.
Fear- Anticipation of a negative outcome and the perception of physical and verbal aggression by the other party. Hurt- Is when an individually feels mentally or emotionally injured by someone else. Shame and Guilt: Guilt is dissatisfaction and disappointment with yourself. Guilt comes from being clear in your head about your expectations for yourself. Shame happens when you don’t meet other people’s expectations. Shame becomes guilt when you adopt other peoples' expectations. Hope - anticipation that things will be better as a result of conflict. Energy - you can be energized by conflict. The challenge can give you energy. |
|
|
Describe the parts to WFDF
|
(Well Formed Description of Feeling) 1. Personal Language; 2. Description of event or behavior; 3. Feeling word.
(When you tell me one thing and then tell the customer another it embarrasses me.) |
|
|
Explain the most common problems describing feelings
|
Deletion:
Substituting the primary feeling for a secondary feeling Wrong intensity Detail problems: Deleting personal language: Deleting the situation of behavior: Generalizing Ownership problems |
