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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Increased carbon dioxide in arterial blood, __, is caused by drug depression of the r__ center, em_, due to physiologic dead space
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hypercapnea
respiratory emphysema |
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Reduced oxygenation of arterial blood leads to __, which is caused by __ to __ shunts in RDS or at__.
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right-to-left
atelectasis |
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This condition results from being grossly obese, lateral bending and rotation of spine, arthritis of spine, depression of the sternum, and causes compromised ventilation and decreased tidal volume
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Chest wall restriction
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Results from a fracture of the ribs/sternum, and causes compromised ventilation.
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Flail chest
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Caused by a rupture of pleura or chest wall or spontaneous rupture of pleura blebs in which air or gas in pleural space to collapse the lung partially or completely.
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Pneumothorax
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Pathology includes transudative or exudative fluid in the pleural space collapsing the lung partially or completely. Causes include fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels from CHF, hypoproteinemia, trauma that damages blood vessels.
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Pleural effusion
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"Pus in the pleural space" caused by bacterial pneumonia, surgical complications, tumor obstruction.
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Empyema
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Collapse of lung tissue caused by external pressure from tumor, fluid, or air in pleural space; abdominal distension; bronchi obstruction; inhalation of concentrated oxygen or anesthetics
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Atelectasis
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Persistent abnormal dilation of bronchi caused by obstruction of airway, atelectasis, infection, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, weakness of bronchial wall
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Bronchiectasis
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Inflammatory obstruction of bronchioles caused by chronic bronchitis, infection, inhalation of toxic gases
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Bronchiolitis
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Fibrotic process occludes airways and scars lungs caused by same stuff as bronchiolitis; commonly seen after lung transplantation
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Bronchiolitis obliterans
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Fibrous or connective tissue in lung caused by scar tissue following ARDS, tuberculosis, or inhalation of dust or asbestos
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Fibrosis
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Inflammation of airways, alveolar and capillary damage, pulmonary edema caused by inhalation of smoke, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, phosgene, and nitrogen dioxide; prolonged levels of high concentration of oxygen
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Toxic gas exposure
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Fibrous tissue or nodules in lungs caused by silicosis (inhalation of silica), anthracosis (inhalation of coal dust), asbestosis (inhalation of asbestos)
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Pneumoconiosis
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Lung inflammation or hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of allergens: grains, silica, bird droppings, feathers, cork dust, animal pelts, molds, mushroom compost
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Allergic alveolitis
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Excess water in lungs caused by:
- Heart disease increases pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure, so fluid moves into interstitium - ARDS or inhalation of toxic gases injures capillaries and increases permeability - blockage of lymphatic vessels by congestive heart failure (CHF), edema, or tumors |
Pulmonary edema
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What is the most common type of lip cancer?
Where does it usually develop? |
squamous cell carcinoma
outer part of the lip along the vermilion border |
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What is the most common type of laryngeal cancer?
Where does it usually develop? What symptom is the most significant symptom for laryngeal cancer? |
squamous cell carcinoma
carcinoma of the glottis is more common than that of the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, arytenoids, and false cords. Progressive hoarseness |