Concrete And Masonry

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One of the oldest manufactured building materials used as a mortar and plaster by early civilization.

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LIME

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Developed the first real cement in the mixture of lime putty and volcanic ash.

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Romans

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Used as an ingridient of hard finish coat for gypsium and keenes cement.

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Hydrated Lime

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Advantages of hydrated lime.

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1. Increase workability of plaster.

2. Decrease permeability to water.

3. Reduce cracking due to shrinkage.

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Was used as a plaster by egyptian, greeks,and romans.

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Gypsum

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A material with proper proportion of lime,silica,alumina,and iron component.

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Portland cement

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Prepared mixture of portland cement and hydrated lime.

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Masonry cement

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It is called a quick setting cement.

Attains its compressive strength in 28 days.

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Alumina cement

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A type of cement that made of lime mortar and pozzolanic cement.

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Pozzolanic cement

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Artificial stone made by inert materials,mixed with cement and water.

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Concrete

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Sand,gravel,crushed stone, cinder,burned clay,expanded vermiculit and perlite.

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Aggregate

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Found in riverbeds,free of salt and must be washed.

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Sand

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Smaller than 1/4" diameter stone.

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Fine Aggregate

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Bigger than 1/4" diameter stones.

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Course aggregate

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An admixture which is used to speed up the initial setting time of the concrete.

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Accelerator

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An addmixture used to delay or extend setting time of the cement paste of the concrete.

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Retarder

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3 types of concrete block

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1.Hollow load bearing concrete block.

2.solid load bearing block.

3.hollow non load bearing concrete block.

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Size of a hollow load bearing concrete block.

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8" X 8" X 16"

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8"x8"x16" in size, 40-50lb when use heavy aggregates, 25-35lb when use lightweight aggregates.

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Hollow load bearing concrete block.

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Core area are not exceed 25% percent of the gross cross sectional area.

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Solid load bearing block.

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Core area exceeds 25% of the cross sectional area.

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Hollow non load bearing concrete block.

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Calcareous clay

Non calcareous clay

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2 classes of clay

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Contains 15 percent calcium carbonate.

Yellowih color

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Calcareous clay

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Composed of silicate of alumina.

Red or salmon in color

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Non calcareous clay

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Standard size of brick

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2 1/4" x 3 3/4" x 8"

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Are hollow units brick.

Same material as brick.

Formed by extrusion in the stiff-mud process.

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Structural clay tile

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Means "fired earth" made by machine extruded and molded or pressed.

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Terra cotta

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Weight of concrete

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2400kg/cu.m

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Weight of water.

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1000kg/cu.m

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Argalite

Granite

Limestone

Travertine

Marble

Serpentine

Sandstone

Slate rock

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Types of building stone

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Stone construction

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Paneling

Ashlar

Rubblework

Trim

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Types of mortar according to strength.

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Type M

Type S

Type N

Type O

TYPE K

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Type k mortar

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Very low strength

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Type M mortar

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High strength

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Type O mortar

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Low strength

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Type S mortar

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Medium High strength

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Type N mortar

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Medium Strength

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Size of aggregates for reinforced beams,floor slab,thin walls.

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1"

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Size of aggregates for footings,thick wall,massive walls

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2"