Conc./function Of Grans And Monos

Front 1

what is the purpose of neutrophils?

Back 1

to kill microorganisms.

Front 2

how many neuts do we make per day?

Back 2

100million/mg body weight

Front 3

what are the bone marrow compartments that seperate maturation phases of neuts?

Back 3

Mitotic: blast through myelocytes. can divide up to the myelocyte.

Maturation: metas, bands, neuts

Front 4

what 3 parts is the Total Circulating Granulocyte Pool broken down into?

Back 4

1. Marginal pool
2. Circulating pool
50/50
3. Tissue pool

Front 5

where is the marginal pool?
circulatin?

Back 5

marginal hangs out at the edge of vessels, endothelium

circulating is what we count.

Front 6

what cells from the TCGP probably go to the tissue pool?

Back 6

marginating - closer to edge, diapedesis is easier for them.

Front 7

What are 5 normal causes of neutrophil increase?

Back 7

1. Time of day - low in AM usly.
2. Extreme stress
3. Temp extremes
4. Strenuous Exercise
5. Epinephrine

Front 8

What are 5 abnormal, pathologic causes of neut increase?

Back 8

1. Infeciton
2. Hematologic disorders
3. Tissue breakdown
4. Drugs/toxins
5. Leukemoid reaction

Front 9

3 conditions associated with decreased neutrophils:

(why you would see the decr)

Back 9

1. Accel use/loss of neuts
2. Diminished production
3. Absence of production

Front 10

What is accelerated use or loss of neutrophils a hallmark of?

Back 10

recurring bacterial infection

Front 11

what is agranulocytosis?

Back 11

a very low WBC neut count - less than 500/uL. inhibits normal immunologic function.

Front 12

what is the function of neuts?

Back 12

to engulf and kill microorganisms

Front 13

what are the functional activities of neutrophils?

Back 13

-degranulation within phagosomes formed in vacuoles
-phagocytosis
-opsonization
-chemotaxis

Front 14

.

Back 14

.

Front 15

.

Back 15

.

Front 16

what is the normal blood:tissue ratio of monocytes?

Back 16

1:400

Front 17

after they're released from the bone marrow, can monocytes continue to divide? why?

Back 17

yes; they still have nucleoli; can become giant cells.

Front 18

what are specialized macrophages in the
-liver
-spleen
-thymus
-kidney
-bone marrow
-pancreas
-lungs

Back 18

liver = kuppfer cells
spleen = littoral cells
thymus = dendritic cells
kidney - glomerular mesangial
b. marrow = nurse
pancreas = langerhans cells
lungs = alveolar macrophages.

Front 19

what are 3 conditions associated with decreased monocytes?

Back 19

Aplastic anemia
Hairy cell leukemia
Glucocortioids

Front 20

what are 6 conditions associated with increased monocytes?

Back 20

hematologic disorders
inflamm. immune disorders
acute bacterial infections
CMV/TB
SBE
Syphilis

Front 21

What are the 5 functions of monocytes?

Back 21

1. Phagocytosis/digestion
2. secretion of chemicals
3. immunity - Ag presentation
4. Cytotoxicity
5. Tissue spcf functions

Front 22

what are the tissue spcf functions of macrophages in:
-spleen
-bone marrow
-liver

Back 22

Spleen: littoral cells keep iron in the form of hemosiderin.
B. marrow: ingest nonfunctional cells.
Liver: secrete cytokines when Kuppfer cells are stimulated.

Front 23

what are 2 markers on monocytes?

Back 23

CD 14

NSE

Front 24

what are 3 hereditary conditions that affect WBC morphology?

Back 24

pelger-huet
alder-reilly
may-hegglin

all are anomalies that are genetically inheritted.

Front 25

What is Pelger-Huet Syndrome?

What can it look similar to?

Back 25

Pince-nez neutrophils with 70% having bilobed nuclei; but still normal function.

May look like shift to left

Front 26

What is Pelgeroid?

Back 26

Myelodysplastic syndrome that has bilobed nuclei of neutrophils, but hypogranulation and only seen in a few cells, not 70%.

Front 27

What is Alder-reilly anomaly?

Back 27

condition where azurophilic (primary) granules are very large in monos, grans, lymphs.

Front 28

what are the granules in alder-reilly made of?

Back 28

muccopolysaccharide

Front 29

what is may-hegglin anomaly?

Back 29

disease where platelets are gigantic and cells have blue bodies that look like doehle bodies; also thrombocytopenia.

Front 30

what disorder may result from may-hegglin?

Back 30

bleeding disorder.

Front 31

what are 6 toxic alterations due to neutrophil response to noxious stimulus?

Back 31

Dohle bodies
Hypersegmentation
degranulation
toxic gran
shift to left
toxic vacuolization

Front 32

what are dohle bodies?

Back 32

pale blue inclusions, persistant RNA because maturation was cut short when the cells were called from the bmarrow

Front 33

what occurs in the o2-dependent killing mechanism?

Back 33

NADPH oxidase causes a respiratory burst; results in superoxide and peroxide, which react w/ myeloperoxidase to form bleach.

Front 34

what are active oxygen metabolites?

Back 34

superoxide and peroxide.

react w/ myeloperoxidase, produce bleach.

Front 35

whats the blood:tissue ratio of:
-eosinophils
-basophils
-monocytes

Back 35

eos: 1:200
basos; varies, most are at the body linings.
monos: 1:400

Front 36

what causes eosinophilia?

Back 36

parasites
allergies
chronic skin infection
granulocytic leukemia

Front 37

what causes decreased eosinophils?

Back 37

steroids - inhibit release of cells from marrow

Front 38

what is the eosinophil function?

Back 38

1. modulate immediate hypersensitivity reactions
2. modulate parasite infection
3. Bacteriocidal

Front 39

what is in eosinophil granules?

Back 39

major basic protein
histaminase

Front 40

what do basophils increase for?

Back 40

Allergy/inflammation
Myeloproliferative disorders
Neoplasms

Front 41

what is the function of basophils?

Back 41

as a vasoactivator
as a bronchoinhibitor

Front 42

what is in the granules of basophils?

Back 42

Histamine
Heparine

Front 43

what's the difference between a monocyte and macrophage?

Back 43

monos = in circulation
macro = in tissue

Front 44

what is the MPS and RES?

Back 44

-cells capable of phagocytosis - macrophages and monocytes.
-freely circulating or fixed in specific tissues.

Front 45

What is the function of the RES?

Back 45

-To remove senescent cells from circulation adn provide phagocytic cells for inflammatory and immune response.

Front 46

what are four inherited syndromes of neutrophils, and which are autosomal?

Back 46

1. Chediak Hegashi - autosomal recessive
2. Pelger-Huet - autosomal dominant.
3. May-Hegglin - autosomal dominant
4. Alder-reilly - dominant.

Front 47

what are 2 other granulocyte disease?

Back 47

-Chronic granulomatous disease - seen in young boys, no respiratory burst, must form granulomas to contain microbe.
-Lazy Leukocyte: no chemotaxis

Front 48

What is Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

Back 48

syndrome where primary and secondary granules fuse - very large and dark. Ineffective.
Succomb to bacterial infection.

Front 49

What is Pelger-Huet Syndrome?

Back 49

nucleus of neutrophils does not segment; bilobed, pince-nez.
Normal function, seen in at least 70% of the PMNS.

Front 50

What is Pelgeroid syndrome?

Back 50

similar pincenez is seen, but only in a few cells. also hypogranular production.

Front 51

what is Alder-Reilly?

Back 51

Syndrome where azurophilic granules are very large, and contain muccopolysaccharide.

Front 52

What is May-Hegglin syndrome?

what other disorder accompanies?

Back 52

syndrome where platelets are GIANT; they are blue inclusions that resemble dohle bodies.
Often see thrombocytopenia.