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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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variable
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anything that can take on a different quality or quantity (anything that can vary)
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data set
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the collection or bundle of information
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data points
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individual pieces of information
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data distribution
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a listing of the values or responses associated with a particular data set
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frequency distribution
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a table or graph that indicates how many times a value or response appears in a data set of values or responses
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levels of measurement
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nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio
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nominal level of measurement
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fundamental, simplest level; rests on a system of categories; ex:religious affiliation.
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ordinal level of measurement
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the notion of order; ex:asking people to tell you about their education level, some high school, high school diploma, some college, college etc.
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interval level of measurement
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notion of equal intervals; ex: asking people when they wake up between 9:15-9:30, 7:45-8:00, etc.
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ratio level of measurement
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has a true or known zero point; ex:asking students how much money they spend each week on entertainment, the answer could be 0.
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population (universe)
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all possible cases that meet certain criteria; total collection of cases that your interested in studying.
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sample
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portion of a population;
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descriptive statistics
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used to summarize or describe data from samples and populations; ex:mean
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parameter
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characteristic of a poplulation
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statistic
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characteristic of a sample
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inferential statistics
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using sample statistics to make inferences about a population parameters
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mean deviation (avg. deviation) calculation
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1. calc. mean 2. calc. dev. from mean 3. convert deviations to abs. values 4. sum the absolute values 5. divide the sum by # of cases
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Calculation of variance
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1. calc. each dev. and square it 2.sum all the squared dev. 3.divide sum of squared deviations by # of cases
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standard deviation
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square root of variance; 1. calc dev and square it. 2. sum squared dev. 3. divide sum of sq. dev. by #cases. 4.take square root
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z score calculation
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(your score-mean) / (standard deviation)
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decrease in sample =?
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increase impact of adjustment
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