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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abnormality
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a subjectively defined characteristic, assigned to those with rare or dysfunctional conditions
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Mental Illness
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*double-check with Prof Levy
a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individial and that is associated with present distress (e.g., a painful symptom) or a disability (e.g., impairment in one or more important areas of functioning) or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom. --DSM-IV pg xxxi A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture.--wikipedia |
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Psychopathology 1
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-The manifestations of mental disorders and
-The study of mental disorders and their problems, causes, and processes. Psychopathology involves impairments, deviance, and distress, but having impairments, deviance, or distress does not mean that you are psychopathological |
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Psychopathology 2
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The study of abnormal behavior in order to:
-Describe = Diagnosis -Predict = Prognosis -Explain = Etiology -Change = Treatment Abnormal patterns of functioning |
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Diagnosis
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from greek 'dia' or from, and 'gnosis' or knowledge.
The process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. |
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Principal Diagnosis
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When one or more Dx is given in inpatient setting, the principal Dx is the condition established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the individual.
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Provisional Diagnosis
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used when there is a strong presumption that the full criteria will not be met for a disorder and there is not enough info to make a diagnosis.
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Signs
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can be observed and documented objectively
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Symptoms
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are experienced subjectively. Cannot be observed and must be reported by the client.
-does not constitute a mental disorder...it must be a part of a symptom constellation. |
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Syndrome
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any cluster or constellation of signs and symptoms.
-depressed mood is symptom, crying is sign -chest pain is symptom, heart failure is sign. |
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Descriptive Approach to Dx
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Focuses on the 'what' of the behavior
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Psychological Approach to Dx
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Focuses on the 'why' of the behavior
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Reliability of Dx
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The more clinicians that agree on a Dx when examining the same patient = greater inter-rater reliability.
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Validity of Dx
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More patients with the same Dx have similar clinical features, natural histories, etiologies, pathogenesis, and responses to Tx = High Validity
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Co-Morbidity/ Co-Occurring
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Existing simultaneously with, and usually independently of, another medical condition.
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Etiology
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The study of causes or origins
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Prevalence
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Total # of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.
( f/e 17% of americans suffer from panic attacks) |
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Assessment
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A time limited, formal process that collects clinical information from many sources in order to reach a diagnosis, to make a prognosis, to render a biopsychosocial formulation, and to determine treatment.
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Assessment- Primary Goal
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To obtain information that iwll determine the clients Dx, prognosis, psychodynamics, and Tx.
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Assessment- Secondary Goal
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To make the client feel comfortable, foster trust, develop a sense of hope, begin the therapeutic alliance.
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Mood
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a Pervasive and subjectively experienced feeling state (must be reported by individual)
Covert |
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Affect
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The Instantaneous, observable expression of emotion.
Overt |
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Multiaxial System
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An Assessment on several (5) axes, each of which refers to a different domain of information that may help a clinician plan Tx and predict outcome.
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Recurrence
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When a previously Dx-ed person has a period of time in which criteria are no longer met begins to re-develop symptoms that suggest return of disorder.
i)May be Dx-ed before full criteria are met, if judged to be recurrence. ii) If symptoms are judged to be clinically significant but, it is not clear if constitutes a recurrence of original disorder, NOS may be given. iii) If symptoms are not clinically significant, no additional current or provisional Dx is given, but 'prior history' may be noted. |
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Not Otherwise Specified (NOS)
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-Client meets a symptom pattern that is not in the DSM-IV but causes clinically significant impairment.
-Client meets the general guidelines but symptoms do not meet the criteria for any of the specifiers. -Uncertain about etiology (GMC, substance induced, primary). -Insufficient time/info. -Contradictory info. |
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Boundary
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* check with Prof Levy
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Impairment
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*check with Prof Levy
Weakening, damage, or deterioration, especially as a result of injury or disease. |
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Diathesis Stress Model
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Genetic or biological predispositions (diathesis) + environmental factors (stress) = abnormal behavior
Support structure and Coping skills (or lack thereof) can effect susceptibility to mental illness. |