Computing Gcse Ocr

Front 1

Computing Flashcards

Your Name

.........................................................

Back 1

For the following flashcards all points and examples must be given, if not then the answer is incorrect. The emboldened parts are the main parts and the normal words are extra details.

Thanks for testing! :)

Front 2

What does a computer system consist of?

Back 2

Examples must be given:

1) A input for e.g. touchscreen, keyboard

2) A process for e.g. by a CPU or graphics card, sound card

3) A output for e.g. a printer, monitor, speakers

Front 3

What can computers do in the modern world?

Back 3

All points and examples must be given:

1) Helps people keep in contact with each other all over the world

2) Improves the quality of life for e.g. bionic arms and legs

3) Helps people access data securely from anywhere

4) Helps save lives for e.g. emergency response service

Front 4

What is reliability?

Back 4

1) How dependable a system is

2) To do the job you tell it to do

Front 5

Give two examples of unreliability.

Back 5

1) A printer due to low ink, stuck paper etc.

2) Google Chrome gives a error message when a webpage crashes

Front 6

Why is reliability important?

Back 6

1) Technology isn't worth using if it doesn't function as it should OR your data is at risk

Front 7

Why are standards needed in computer manufacture?

Back 7

1) To set standards for quality control

2) To set standards for maintenance

3) For user privacy

4)For public safety

5) Environmental issues for e.g. energy efficency

6) To obey the law for e.g. patent rights

Front 8

Why are standards needed for maintenance?

Back 8

1) So it functions correctly

2) For safety

Front 9

1) What does the CPU stand for?

2) What is the purpose of the CPU?

Back 9

1) The CPU stands for the Central Processing Unit

2) The CPU processes data

Front 10

What does the CPU do? Explain each aspect.

Back 10

1) Fetches data - searches and retrieves data from memory

2) Decodes - sorts instruction into parts of the CPU

3) Executes - follows the instruction

4) Interacts - interacts with other parts of the memory for e.g. a graphics or sound card

Front 11

What is clock speed?

Back 11

When the CPU performs cycles to execute a instruction

Front 12

What is clock speed measured in?

Back 12

GHz (Gigahertz)

Front 13

What does a high performance CPU do?

Back 13

1) Faster performance

2) Loses heat energy

3) Consumes more power

Front 14

What does a low performance CPU do?

Back 14

1) Slower performance

2) Cheaper

3) Better battery life

Front 15

What are cores?

Back 15

Processors in a CPU

Front 16

What do cores do?

Back 16

Executes loads of instructions at the same time

Front 17

What are parallel computations?

Back 17

When some programs make use of all cores at the same time

Front 18

What happens if you increase the number of cores in a CPU?

Back 18

You get better/increased performance

Front 19

Why might some computers have less cores?

Back 19

1) Not all programs handle parallel computations

2) Clock speed limits CPU so it handles less tasks. This makes the computer slow.

Front 20

What is CPU cache?

Back 20

It stores frequently accessed instructions so it is accessed quicker the next time it is requested

Front 21

Why is CPU cache useful?

Back 21

It saves time

Front 22

What happens if you increase the amount of CPU cache?

Back 22

1) You get better performance

2) As you can store more data

3) That can be accessed quicker

Front 23

What is the computing numbering system called?

Back 23

Binary

Front 24

What is the human numbering system called?

Back 24

Denary

Front 25

What is logic?

Back 25

Something that is true or false

Front 26

What is Boolean?

Back 26

1) Something that is true represented by computers as 1

2) Something false represented as computers as 0

Front 27

What is a AND gate?

Back 27

Both inputs have to be true for the output to be true

Front 28

What is a OR gate?

Back 28

If at least one input is true then the output is true

Front 29

What is a NOT gate?

Back 29

The output is the inverse

Front 30

What is machine code?

Back 30

1) language that only computers and programmers would understand for e.g. a Assembly language

Front 31

Is machine code a high level language or low level?

Back 31

Low level

Front 32

What is a ordinary language?

Back 32

A language that humans understand but not computers for e.g. German, English etc. (unless a computer was taught to for e.g. Artificial Intelligence)

Front 33

Give 2 examples of languages in between high and low level languages.

Back 33

Any two from these:

1) C++

2) Javascript

3) Python

Front 34

Give the definition of a programming language.

Back 34

Used to communicate instructions to a computer

Front 35

What is machine code?

Back 35

A pattern of bits/ bit patterns

Front 36

What is a translator?

Back 36

translates high level programming language instructions in to machine code.

Front 37

What are high level instructions split in to?

Back 37

Small level instructions

Front 38

What are small level instructions split in to?

Back 38

1) Operators

2) Operands

Front 39

1) What is a operator?

2) What is a operand?

Back 39

1) Operator is the instruction

2) Operand is the data

Front 40

Name the following operand or a operator.

5 + 10

1) 5 =

2) + =

3) 10 =

Back 40

1) 5 = operand

2) + = operator

3) 10 = operand

Front 41

Complete the following:

The operator is given a instruction set which is .................. to the processor.

Back 41

Missing Word:

1) Unique

Front 42

Why is the operand not unique?

Back 42

Because it is operated by the same bits

Front 43

How does the processor distinguish between the operator and operand?

Back 43

1) By knowing the position of the operand and operator for e.g. the first nibble is the operator the second nibble is the operand.

Front 44

Give the definition of a database

Back 44

For the answer to be correct it must contain the all following elements:

A database is a:

1) Persistent

2) Organised

3) Store of data

Front 45

Finish the following :

A non-digital database is :

1) ...........

2) ...........

3) ...........

Back 45

In any order:

Cheap, quick and easy to create

Front 46

Name 2 disadvantages of a digital database.

Back 46

1) You need to learn how to use it

2) You need to pay for it as it is propriety software, for e.g. Microsoft Access

Front 47

What does a DBMS (Database Management System) allow a user to do?

Back 47

Allows a user to extract and add data.

Front 48

Why is a DBMS useful?

Back 48

1) Better security

2) Allows multiple users to create accounts.

Front 49

What does a SQL stand for?

Back 49

Structered Query Language

Front 50

What does a SQL do?

Back 50

1) Interacts with programs and users

2) So it can process a request

Extra information - builds a gap between a database and apps who require data

Front 51

Name four features of a database

Back 51

1) Has tools to create and access a data base

2) Keeps applications separate from database so you are not limited to one provider

3) Automatically check for issues for e.g. currency in pounds

4) Can prevent data from being accessed for security by other users

Front 52

What is a relational database?

Back 52

Tables linked together by keyfields

Front 53

What are tables?

Back 53

2D representations of data, separated by rows and columns

Front 54

What are forms?

Back 54

Data that is in a data base

Front 55

What are queries?

Back 55

Data requested from a database and submitted

Front 56

What are reports?

Back 56

Data presented from a data base

Front 57

Database queries use operators to get what is wanted.

What are operators?

Back 57

They are symbols

Front 58

What do these signs mean?

1) <

2) >

Back 58

1) Less than

2) More than

Front 59

1) What is data redundancy?

2) Why is this wrong?

Back 59

1) When data is repeated in 2 or more tables

2) It is inefficient

Front 60

What is a key field?

Back 60

A unique identifier that links tables with other tables

Front 61

What is a primary key?

Back 61

A primary key is a key that is foreign to another table

Front 62

What does validation do?

Back 62

Makes data robust (Robust means to be able to cope with errors)

Front 63

Name the 4 types of validation methods and explain what they are.

Back 63

1) Data type - that the data type is correct for e.g. age is a integer

2) Range check - Check range is suitable

3) Null check - checks nothing is left blank

4) Length check - checks the input is a suitable length

Front 64

What is a network?

Back 64

1) Networks are connections between nodes

2) That allow data to be exchanged

Front 65

Give 3 advantages of a LAN

Back 65

1) Files and data can be shared

2) Devices can be shared (like printers)

3) Data can be backed up

Front 66

Give 2 disadvantages of LAN

Back 66

1) More chance of getting viruses or being hacked

2) Hardware needed can be expensive so you might need specialist technicians

Front 67

1) What is a packet?

2) What happens to packet?

Back 67

1) a small amount of data

2) It sent over a network, broken in to smaller pieces and then re-assembled

Front 68

What is a switch?

Back 68

1) Connects devices in a LAN network

2) By forwarding packets to a target

3) Using a MAC address

Front 69

What is a hub?

Back 69

1) Connects devices together

2) By sending packets to everyone except sender

3) Making it more private and less efficient

Front 70

What is a router?

Back 70

1) Forwards packets

2) Through different networks

3) From the LAN, to the ISP and then to the internet

Remember:

LAN ---> ISP ---> Internet

Front 71

What is a Wireless Access Point?

Back 71

1) Allows a connection through a wired network

2) Using WIFI

3) Can be part of a router

Front 72

1) What is a server?

2) What is a client?

Back 72

1) Server - a provider of a service

2) Client - a requester of a service

Front 73

Name features of a client server network

Back 73

1) Files are stored on a server and not stored on the hard drive of the work stations (like at school)

2) This is done to check that a user is logging in

3) And so that it can fetch your files for you

Front 74

Name features for a peer to peer network

Back 74

1) Has no central server

2) All computers are able to work as client or server

Front 75

Name advantages and disadvantages of a client server network

Back 75

Advantages:

Files are stored in one location, licenses do not have to be separately purchased, backups and updates a controlled in one location

Disadvantages:

Its expensive, network manager is needed, if a main part of the server like a hub/switch fails a lot of problems can occur

Front 76

Name advantages and disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network

Back 76

Advantages:

Its cheap, No need for network manager, easier to setup, won't be a problem if a hub/switch fails

Disadvantages:

Data isn't backed up by one computer, Updates aren't controlled by one computer, Their might be no shared group.

Front 77

1) What is a protocol?

2)What is a IP address?

3) What is a MAC address?

Back 77

1) Rules that devices need to "agree" to, to send data

2) IP address is a protocol, a unique ID on nodes to send data to location. This CANNOT be changed

3) A ID on every device on a network that CAN be changed

Front 78

What are user access levels?

Back 78

1) Permissions user have on a network

2) Highest access level has no permissions

3) This prevents sensitive/private information from being accessed

Front 79

What is password protection?

Back 79

1) Password needs to be entered before accessing data

2) Prevents private data from being shared

Front 80

What is encryption?

Back 80

1) You need a key as data is encoded

2) Nodes agree on the encryption, transmission and decryption

Front 81

What is acceptable use?

Back 81

1) Rules a user has to follow

2) Set by organisations

3) To do with data protection , damage to equipment

Front 82

What is disaster recovery?

Back 82

1) A plan in case of damage to the network

2) network operators have a back-up under a policy

Front 83

What is a fall over?

Back 83

1) A secondary data storage device that starts to work if a failure happens to a main network device

Front 84

What does a the internet consist of?

Back 84

Induvidual LAN ---> cables ---> router ---> modem ---> telephone wire ---> the internet (Which is a WAN)

Front 85

1) What is a modem?

2) What is a router?

Back 85

1) Converts analogue data into digital data

2) Forwards packets of data so they do not clog

Front 86

1) What is a domain name?

2) What is a DNS?

Back 86

1) A name of website

2) connects IP addresses and webpages

Front 87

What is a DNS server?

Back 87

A database of IP addresses and domain names which are in client or server network

Front 88

How does a the DNS server work?

Back 88

1) Browser acts as DNS client

2) Connects to a DNS server

3) DNS server checks for DNS IP address

4) If browser doesn't find it, it will act until it finds it

5) When DNS server gets IP address the user can connect to domain server (the website)

Front 89

1) What does HTML stand for

2) What does it do?

Back 89

1) Hyper Text Markup Language

2) Used to create a webpage and customize layout but not all web browsers are compatible as when its updated it cannot always be interpreted and presented

Front 90

What is compression and why is it useful?

Back 90

Compression is reducing data so it costs less to receive and takes less time to send

Front 91

Name features of lossy compression

Back 91

1) Original data is removed

2) So it loses quality

3) CANNOT be returned to original state

Front 92

Name features of lossless compression

Back 92

1) NO data is removed

2) File is shrinked (storage efficient)

3) it CAN be returned back into its original state

Extra information - lossless, meaning it doesn't lose quality

Front 93

Name what these file standards are:

1) JPG

2) GIF

3) MP3

4) MPEG

5)

Back 93

1) JPG - Lossy images

2) GIF - Lossless moving images/multiple frames played in quick succsession

3) MP3 - Lossy audio

4) MPEG - Lossy video

5) PDF- Document that can sometimes be edited

Front 94

What is a algorithm?

Back 94

Ordered instructions that solve a problem

Front 95

Why is a algorithm useful?

Back 95

1) Precise - as its accurate and quick

2) Well defined - as it has set inputs and outputs

3) Finite - It will stop if it can't find a solution or if it can

Extra information - a e.g. of a algorithm are YouTube suggestions , that suggests the next video based on your history

Front 96

What are two ways you can show algorithms?

Back 96

1) Pseudo code

2) Flow diagrams

Front 97

Define pseudo code

Back 97

A informal version of code, it is written as humans can understand it.

Front 98

Define flow diagrams

Back 98

Diagrams that show the way code works by:

1) By putting them in order

2) By selecting options

3) By doing (processing) things

Front 99

Describe the features of machine code

Back 99

1) Low level code

2) Completely binary so only a computer would understand

3) Executed by the CPU

Front 100

Describe features of high-level code

Back 100

1) Is not completely binary

2) User-friendly

3) They have a syntax (rules of a high-level language)

4) Compatible with other computers

5) Has source code - original code

Front 101

Describe the functions of translators

Back 101

1) Its a program that converts code from one type of programming language to another by translating only the syntax

Front 102

State functions of assemblers

Back 102

1) Mmenomics are translated into instructions

Front 103

State functions of a compiler

Back 103

1) produces a error report if their are errors

2) Scans ALL the code then translates

Front 104

State functions of a interpreter

Back 104

1) Translates code line by line

2) Stops if any error occurs (e.g. in Python)

3) SLOWER than compiler

Front 105

1) What does IDE stand for?

(You need to know this, as well as HTML)

2) What does a IDE do?

Back 105

1) Integrated Development Environment

2) Piece of software that has tools for the programmer

Front 106

What are features of a editor?

Back 106

1) Allows user to enter and modify code

2) Colour code words

3) autocompletes code

Front 107

What are features of error diagnostics?

Back 107

1) Helps spots errors

2) Highlights errors

3) Explain why error occurred (logic/syntax error)

Front 108

What are features of the Run Time Environment?

Back 108

1) Runs code as if it was being executed by the CPU

2) So you can fix errors before it is translated in to machine code.

Front 109

There are 3 programs that control the flow of code. State and explain them.

Back 109

1) Sequence

Each line is executed one after the other form the beginning till the end

2) Selection

Programs flow is directed by IF statements, so not every line is excuted

3) Iteration - repeating code until conditions are met

Front 110

Whats a difference between a constant and variable?

Back 110

A variable can be changed and a constant cannot

Front 111

Describe the following classifications:

1) Boolean

2) Integer

3) Float

4) Character

5) String

Back 111

1) Boolean - true and false in binary (1 or 0)

2) Integer - a whole number

3) Float - a decimal or fraction

4) Character - a single unit of information (5, a, %)

5) String - a sequence of characters (Hello world)

Front 112

Why do we need classifications?

Back 112

To prevent serious errors

Front 113

1) What are arrays?

2) What are lists?

Back 113

1) Ordered data values and variables that are part of the same data type

2)Similar to arrays but use different data types

Front 114

Name 2 types of error and describe them

Back 114

1) Syntax error - wrong grammar or spelling

2) Logic error - code runs as normal but not as programmer intended. This is the HARDEST to DETECT

Front 115

Why is testing data important (3 reasons) ?

Back 115

1) To get unexpected data

2) To get expected data

3) To check for invalid data