Computer Info Science Chapter 4

Front 1

A case that contains electronic comonents of the computer used to process data.

Back 1

System Unit

Front 2

The main circuitboard of the system unit.

Back 2

Motherboard

Front 3

Small piece of semiconducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched.

Back 3

Chip

Front 4

Central Processing Unit. Interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer

Back 4

CPU

Front 5

A chip with two or more separate processor cores.

Back 5

Multi-Core Processor

Front 6

The component of the processor or that directs and coordinates most of the operations of the computer.

Back 6

Control Unit

Front 7

Arithmetic Logic Unit. Component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operstions.

Back 7

ALU

Front 8

A small quarts crystal circuit that controlls the timing of all the computer's operations.

Back 8

System Clock

Front 9

Pace of the system clock measured by the number of ticks per second.

Back 9

Clock Speed

Front 10

Is a number that has just two uniwue digits, 0 and 1, called bits.

Back 10

Binary System

Front 11

Short for binary digit, is the smallest unit of data the computer can process.

Back 11

Bit

Front 12

When 8 bits are grouped together as a unit, they form a byte.

Back 12

Byte

Front 13

Consists if electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor.

Back 13

Memory

Front 14

The kind of memory that loses its content when the power is turned off.

Back 14

Volatile Memory

Front 15

The memory that does not lose its contents when power is removed from the computer.

Back 15

Nonvolatile Memory

Front 16

Random Access Memory. Consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the processor and other devices.

Back 16

RAM Memory

Front 17

Read Only Memory. Refers to memory chips storing permanent data and instructions.

Back 17

ROM Memory

Front 18

A small circuit board.

Back 18

Memory Module

Front 19

Located on the mother board, holds memory modules.

Back 19

Memory Slot

Front 20

Helps speed the process of the computer before it stores frequently used instructions and data.

Back 20

Cache

Front 21

L1 Cache

Back 21

A small capacity chip which is built directly into the processor chip.

Front 22

L2 Cache

Back 22

A larger capacity than L1, but is a little slower.

Front 23

Flash Memory

Back 23

Is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.

Front 24

CMOS

Back 24

Technology that uses battery power to retain information even when the power to the computer is off.

Front 25

Access Time

Back 25

Is the amount of time it takes the processor to read data instructions and information.

Front 26

Nanosecond

Back 26

Is one billionth of a second.

Front 27

Is a socket on the motherboard that can hold an adapter card.

Back 27

Expansion Slot

Front 28

Is a circuit board that enhances function of a component of the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer.

Back 28

Adapter Card

Front 29

A type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically by the processor of a computer.

Back 29

Flash Memory

Front 30

Is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor.

Back 30

Peripheral

Front 31

Converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor.

Back 31

Video Card

Front 32

Enhances the sound-generating capabilities of a personal computer by allowing sound to be input through a microphone.

Back 32

Sound Card

Front 33

Where multiple connections come to be one, like an outlet.

Back 33

Hub

Front 34

Converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to a monitor.

Back 34

Graphics Card

Front 35

Is a memory flash memory device.

Back 35

Memory Card

Front 36

Is the point at which a peripheral attaches to or communicates with a system unit.

Back 36

Port

Front 37

Universal Serial Bus. Can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector.

Back 37

USB Port

Front 38

It can connect many types of devices that require faster data transmission speeds.

Back 38

FireWire Port

Front 39

Allows you to attach SCSI peripherals such as disk drives and printers.

Back 39

SCSI Port

Front 40

Is an external device that provides connections to peripherals through built-in parts.

Back 40

Port Replicator

Front 41

Which is an external device that attaches to a mobile computer or device.

Back 41

Docking Station

Front 42

Allows the various devices both inside and attaches to the system unit ti communicate, and etched channels in circuitry is how they travel.

Back 42

Bus

Front 43

Part of motherboard that connects the processor to main memory.

Back 43

System Bus

Front 44

Another name for system bus.

Back 44

Front-Side Bus

Front 45

Connects processor to cache.

Back 45

Backside Bus

Front 46

Allows processor to communicate with peripherals.

Back 46

Expansion Bus

Front 47

Is an opening inside the system unit in which you can install additional equipment.

Back 47

Bay

Front 48

Is a rectangular opening that usually holds disc drives. Outlet AC power into DC power.

Back 48

Drive Bay

Front 49

Is the component of the system unit that converts the wall

Back 49

Power Supply