Comptia Project+ Pk0-003 (9/10)

Front 1

Exam Essential

Be able to name the purpose of the Quality Control Process.

Back 1

The purpose of the Quality Control process is to monitor work results to determine whether they comply with the standards set in the quality management plan.
 

Front 2

Exam Essential

Define common causes of variance

Name and describe three (3) common causes of variance
 

Back 2

Variances that come about as a result of circumstances that are common to the process you’re performing and are easily controlled at the operational level.

Random
Might be normal, but they occur, as the name implies at random

Known or predictable
Variances that you know exist in the process because of particular characteristics of the product your producing

Always present in the processes
The process itself will have inherent variability that is perhaps causes by human mistakes, machine variations or malfunctions

Front 3

Exam Essential

Name the tools and techniques for Quality Control
 

Back 3

• Inspection
• Prevention
• Histograms
• Pareto Diagrams
• Control Charts
• Statistical Sampling
• Flowcharting
• Run Charts
• Trend analysis
• Cause- and-effect / Ishikawa Diagrams

Front 4

Exam Essential

Be able to describe earned value measurement techniques

Back 4

Earned Value Measurement (EVM) looks as schedule, cost and scope project measurements together and compares them to the actual work completed to date. (EVM) monitors:

Planned Value (PV)
The cost of work that’s been budgeted for an activity during a certain time period.

Earned Value (EV)
The value of the work completed to date as it compares to the budgeted amount for the work component.

Actual Costs (AC)
The cost to complete a component of work in a given time period. Actual costs include direct and indirect costs

Front 5

What are the formulas used with the EVM technique?

Back 5

The formulas used with the EVM technique are:

Cost variance (CV)
Schedule Variance (SV)
Cost performance index (CPI)
Schedule performance index (SPI)

Front 6

Exam Essential

Define Estimate at Completion (EAC) and:
• Estimate to Complete (ETC)
• Budget at Completion (BAC).

Back 6

ETC
Is a forecast of the cost of all remaining project work and is usually provided by the project team members

EAC
Is a projection of final project costs obtained by adding the ETC to the actual project costs to date

BAC
Is the total amount of the budget for the work package, control account, schedule activity, or project.

Front 7

Exam Essential

Define the purpose for the Managing Stakeholder Expectation process

Back 7

Managing Stakeholder Expectations involves:
• Communicating
• Resolving issues
• Improving project performance by implementing change requests
• Managing concerns

Front 8

Exam Essential

Explain the purpose for the Distribute Information process
 

Back 8

Distribute Information is concerned with getting stakeholders information about the project in a timely manner (when they want it, in the format they want it.

This is accomplished using:
• Status reports
• Project meetings
• Review meetings
• And so on…
Depending on their communication preference

Front 9

Exam Essential

Name the types of barriers a project manager might face when managing teams

Back 9

• Time zones
• Communication Preferences
• Functional or Hierarchical barriers
• Language barriers
• Technology barriers
• Cultural differences

Front 10

Key Terms

Acceptance
 

Back 10

The decision to tolerate the defects that are found as a result of the quality testing.

Front 11

Key Terms

Cause-and-effect diagram

Back 11

A Quality Control technique that shows the relationship between the effects of problems and their causes.

This diagram depicts every potential cause and sub-cause of a problem and the effect that each proposed solution will have on the problem.
Also known as an Ishikawa Diagram or Fishbone Diagram.

Front 12

Key Terms

Control chart

Back 12

A graph of the variance of several samples of the same process over time based:

Upper control limit
The point beyond which preventing additional defect become cost prohibitive

Lower control limit
The limit at which the customer or end user will reject the product because of the defects

Mean
The mid-point between the upper and lower control limits (best product for the lowest cost)

Front 13

Key Terms

Cost control

Back 13

This process monitors the budget and manages changes to the cost baseline.

A process that measures:
• Project spending to date
• Determines whether changes have occurred to the cost baseline
• Takes action to deal with the changes.

Front 14

Key Terms

Cost performance index (CPI)

Back 14

Measures the value of the work completed at the measurement dates against actual cost.

This is the most critical of all EVM measurements.

CPI = EV / AC
More than >1 :)
Less than <1 :(

Front 15

Key Terms

Cost variance (CV)

Back 15

The difference between a task’s value at the measurement date and its actual cost

CV = EV - AC

Front 16

Key Terms

Estimate at completion (EAC)

Back 16

A forecast of the total cost of the project based on both current project performance and the remaining work.

EAC = AC + ETC

Front 17

Key Terms

Estimate to Complete (ETC)

Back 17

The cost estimate for the remaining project work. This estimate is provided by the project team members.
 

Front 18

Key Terms

Inspection

Back 18

A quality control technique that include examining, measuring or testing work results to determine whether they conform to the quality standards and plan.

When inspection occurs at any point in the project, a decision is made whether to accept or reject the work.

Front 19

Key Terms

Pareto diagram

Back 19

A quality control technique used to rank importance of a problem based on its frequency of occurrence over time.

This diagram is based on the Pareto principle, more commonly referred to as the 80/20 rule, which says that the majority of defects are caused by a small set of problems.

It helps identify the major problems to take action that will have the greatest impact.

Front 20

Key Terms

Prevention
 

Back 20

A Quality Control tool and technique that keeps errors from reaching the customer.

Prevention is less expensive than having to fix problems after they’ve occurred.

Front 21

Key Terms

Quality Control

Back 21

Quality control concerns identifying variances in the process or results.
It includes:
• Monitoring work results to see whether they fulfill the quality standards set out in the quality management plan
• Determining whether the end product conforms to the requirements and product description defined during the planning processes
• Making appropriate changes to remove the causes of unacceptable quality when the standards are not met

Front 22

Key Terms

Rework

Back 22

An action that is taken as a result of quality activity to correct a defect.

Rework often impacts both the project schedule and the budget.

A decision on rework is often tied to the severity of the defect and its impact on the ability of the end user to use the product

Front 23

Key Terms

Run Chart

Back 23

A Quality Control tool and technique that shows variation in the process over time or shows trends such as improvements or lock of improvements in the process

Front 24

Key Terms

Schedule Performance Index (SPI)

Back 24

Measures the progress to date against the progress that was planned. The SPI indicator acts as an efficiency rating.

> 1 Better than expected and ahead of schedule
< 1 Less than expected and behind schedule

SPI = EV / PV

Front 25

Key Terms

Schedule Variance (SV)

Back 25

The difference between a task’s progress as compared to its estimated progress represent in terms of cost.

SV = EV - PV

Front 26

Key Terms

To-complete Performance Index (TCPI)

Back 26

The projected performance level that must be achieved in the remaining work of the project in order to satisfy financial or schedule goals.

TCPI = (BAC – EV) / (BAC – AC)
Greater than >1 :(
Less than <1 :)

Front 27

Key Terms

Trend Analysis

Back 27

A mathematical technique that can be used to predict future defects based on historical results.

Front 28

Key Terms

Variance Analysis

Back 28

The comparison of planned project results with actual project results.

VAC = BAC - EAC

Front 29

When is quality control performed?
 

Back 29

Throughout the life of the project
 

Front 30

What role does the quality management plan play in quality control?

Back 30

The quality management plan is the foundation for the specific activities carried out during quality control.
It documents:
• Quality activities
• Resources required

Front 31

Key Terms

Statistical / Attribute sampling

Back 31

Where you gather a subset of all the applicable work results and randomly select a small number for testing or examination

Method of determining whether the results are conforming or nonconforming to the requirements

Also known as:
• Pass / fail
• Go / No-go

Front 32

Key Terms

Tolerable results

Back 32

When measurements of quality control fall within an acceptable specified range.

Front 33

What are the appropriate steps to ensure quality project deliverables?

Back 33

Quality Control

1. Monitor work performance
2. Analyze performance information
3. Identify variances
4. Generate change requests
5. Implement change requests

Front 34

What are the four (4) most common types of program testing techniques?
 

Back 34

Unit Testing
Involves testing sections of code as they’re written to verify they operate properly

Module Testing
Involves testing discreet units or sections of programming code.

System Testing
The entire system as a whole is tested

User acceptance testing (UAT)
Involves people who will be the end users of the system. They test features, functionality, calculations, and so on, to assure the system meets the requirements laid out in the scope statement

Front 35

Key Terms

Histogram

Back 35

A bar chart that depicts variables on the horizontal and vertical axes

Front 36

Key Terms

Flowcharting

Back 36

Flowcharts are diagrams that show the logical steps that muse be performed to accomplish an objective.

It can be an effective tool during quality control to help determine how a problem occurred.

Front 37

When there is a common cause of variance that does not fall within an acceptable range – what must happen?

Back 37

Usually requires a reorganization of the process

Decisions to change the process always require management approval.

Front 38

What is the major challenge of making process adjustments?

Back 38

Changing a process can have a ripple effect throughout the rest of the project.

Front 39

What should major changes to the project plan that impact costs include?

Back 39

A process for securing additional funding as part of the change process.

Front 40

Key Terms

Variance at Completion (VAC)

Back 40

The comparison of planned project results with actual project results

VAC = BAC - EAC
Greater than >0 :(
Less than <0 :)

Front 41

What is a benefit of managing stakeholder expectations?

Back 41

It increases you chances of meeting the project goals because issues are resolved in a timely manner and disruptions during the project are limited.

Your chances of a successful project are much greater.

Front 42

Besides status reports, what other types of information are managed through the Distributing Information process?

Back 42

Project Reports
Include the project status reports and minutes from project meetings, lessons learned, closure reports, issues log and other document from all the processes throughout the project.

Project Presentations
Presenting project information to the stakeholders and other appropriate parties when necessary

Project Records
Memos, correspondence, and other documents concerning the project (kept in notebooks)

Lessons Learned
Information gathered throughout the course of the project that can be used to benefit the current, future and other projects