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176 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the main motherboard components |
1. Expansion Bus slots 2. CPU processor 3. RAM Slots 4. Lithium CMOS Battery 5. Serial ATA (SATA) Connectors 6. Port Cluster (USB, Firewire, Audio ect) 7. Chipset 8. 24-pin ATX power connector 9. 8 pin CPU Power |
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Northbridge: |
“In charge of the connection to high data transfer devices, such as PCI Express video cards and the RAM.” |
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Southbridge |
“In charge of the connection to all the secondary controllers, such as USB, SATA, FireWire, and so on.” |
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What is Serial ATA (SATA) |
Drive technology that connects to the southbridge or simply the chipset itself. Supports connection of hard drives and optical drives. |
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How fast is data rate 1st, 2nd and 3 Generation of SATA? |
1st- 1.5Gb/s 2nd- 3.0Gb/s 3rd- 6 Gb/s *Most motherboards today are compatible with 2nd and 3rd-generation SATA. |
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How does PCIe send and receive data |
full-duplex lane. Send and receive data simultaneously |
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What is Max data rate for PCIe versions 1-4? What are data rates per lane? What are the frequencies? |
1. 2Gb/s and (250MB/s) per lane, 2.5 GHz 2. 4Gb/s and (500MB/s) per lane 5 GHz 3. 8Gb/s and (1Gb/s) per lane 8 GHz 4.16 Gb/s and (2GB/s) per lane 16 GHz |
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How many lanes in common PCIe video cards? What is the max number of lanes they can have? |
16, 32 |
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Most PCIe adapter can have how many lanes? |
1 |
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label parts from top to bottom in clockwise direction. |
1. PCIe x16 2. PCI 3. PCIe x1 |
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What is another name for IEEE 1394 |
Firewire |
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What is maximum data rate of USB 3 ports |
5 Gb/s |
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What speed networks can Gigabit Ethernet LAN coontroller connect to? |
10/100/1000 Mb/s |
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What are most common form factors of Motherboard |
ATX, microATX and ITX |
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1.What are Full-size ATX motherboard measurements 2. what are power supply requirements |
1. 12 inches by 9.6 inches 2. +3.3 V, +5V, +12 V and -12V outputs and 5V standby output. *IN newer ATX -12V is replaced for ground |
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1. How many pins required in newer ATX power connector? |
24 |
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What is the measurements for microATX? |
minimum 6.75 x 6.75 inches maximum 9.6 x 9.6 inches |
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What is size of a) Mini-ITX and b) Nano-ITX c) What were they designed for? |
A. 6.7 x 6.7 inches B. 4.7 x 4.7 inches C. Designed for HTCPS, UMPCS and smartphones |
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Match the Signals (V) with Pin Color. 1. Orange 2. Red 3. Black 4. Yellow |
1. +3.3 V 2. +5V 3. Ground 4. +12 V |
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What does UEFI stand for? |
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface |
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1.What does the BIOS rely on ? 2. What does CMOS rely on? |
1. CMOS 2. Lithium battery |
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1. What does BIOS do? 2. Where does is reside? |
1. Identify, test and initialize components of system. 2. EEPROM |
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What is EEPROM? |
Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM |
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What is the process called when you fully update BIOS by erasing it and rewriting it? |
Flashing |
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What are advantages of UEFI over BIOS |
1. Allows mouse drive firmware based setup program 2. Built in secure boot which prevents digitally unsiged drivers from being loaded 3. Faster startup 4. Supports more partitions (128) and larger drive sizes. |
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1.What does POST stand for? 2. What does it do? |
1. Power-on Self-test 2. Code that BIOS runs to find out which type of processor is on motherboard and verifies amount of RAM |
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1. What are benefits of BIOS updates |
1. Close security holes 2. Identify new devices 3. Fix incorrect code |
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1. How do you flash BIOS |
1. Identify BIOS you are running by accessiong BIOS. 2. Downoad BIOS from the Web 3. Select method of BIOS updating (simple download, usb device, CD-ROM) 4. Flash the BIOS. |
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What is nominal charge of lithium battery? |
3 V |
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base clock x muliplier = ? |
Internal clock speed of CPU such as 2.4 GHz |
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What is overclocking? |
Increasing the multiplier within BIOS to increase internal clock speed of CPU |
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What is bus speed? |
Base clock of the motherboard. |
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What is internal clock speed? |
Internal frequency of CPU such as 2.4 GHz |
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What are registers? |
Temporary storage areas |
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1. 32 bit CPUs can only address a maximum of how much RAM? 2. How much RAM can 64 bit address |
1. 4GB 2. 256 TB |
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Define PGA |
Pin Grid Array sockets. Accept CPUs that have pins covering the majority of their underside. Used since 80's. |
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Define LGA |
Land Grid Array sockets. Use lands that protrude out and touch the CPU's contact points. Offers better power distribution. Used since later versions of Pentium 4. |
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What INTEL and AMD CPUS are compatible with LGA 775 and AM3 |
Intel 1. Core 2 Duo 2. Core 2 Quad 3. Xeon 4. Penteon, Celeron AMD 1. Phenom II 2. Athlon II 3. Sempron |
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What INTEL and AMD CPUS are compatible with LGA 1155 & AM3+ |
Intel 1.Core i7, i5, i3 2. Xeon 3. Pentium, Celeron AMD 1. FX Vishera 2. FX Zambezi 3. Phenom II 4. Athlon II 5. Sempron |
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What INTEL and AMD CPUS are compatible with LGA 1156 & FM1 |
Intel 1. Core i7, i5, i3 2. Xeon 3. Pentium, Celeron AMD 1. Athlon II 2. Llano |
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What INTEL and AMD CPUS are compatible with LGA 1366 &1150 & FM2, FM2+ |
Intel 1. Core i7 2. Xeon 3. Haswell 4. Broadwell AMD 1. Trinity 2. Kaveri 3. Godavari 4. A8/A10 series |
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What INTEL and AMD CPUS are compatible with LGA 2011 |
Intel 1. Core i7 2. Xeon |
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What is cache? |
Special high-speed memory that reduces the time the CPU takes to access data. |
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1. Where is L1 Cache located? 2. T/F L1 is it the fastest cache? |
1. Built into the CPU 2. True |
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1. Where is L2 cache located? 2. T/F L2 is slower than L1 cache and DRAM 3. T/F L2 cache feeds L1 cache |
1. Usually built on to the CPU 2. F, it is slower than L1 Cache but faster than DRAM 3. T |
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1. T/F L3 cache has the most amount of latency? 2. Where is L3 cache usually found? |
1. T, it is the slowest cache but still faster than DRAM 2. Can be found on CPU or on board, but usually on CPU |
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What does Hyper-Threading do? |
Allows single CPU to accept and calculate two independent set of instructions simultaneously. |
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Benefits of multicore CPUS |
1. Less heat 2. Process more data |
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What should you do when troubleshooting CPUs? |
1. Check all connections and make sure fan, heat sink and CPU are secure and installed properly. |
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What is DRAM stand for? |
Dynamic Random Access Memory |
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T/F Stick, DIMM and Memory module are all the same? |
T |
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What does SRAM stand for? |
Static Random Access Memory |
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What two places can memory controller be found? |
Chipset and CPU |
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What is SRAM and how is it used? |
SRAM is RAM that doesn't need to be automatically refreshed. It is used as cache memory, as buffers on motherboards or within hard drives, or as temporary storage area for LCD screens. |
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T/F DRAM does not need to be periodically refreshed? |
F |
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What does ROM stand for? |
Read-Only Memory |
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Whats DDR stand for? |
Double Data Rate |
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T/F DDR is synchronized to the memory clock? |
T |
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How often is Data transferred in DDR? |
On the rising and falling edges of each clock signal. |
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Clock speed x bytes x 2 =? |
Data Transfer Rate Example (100Mhz x 8 x 2 = 1,600 MB/s) |
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1. DDR1 RAM run at what voltage? 2. DDR2 voltage? 3. DDR3 volatge? |
1) 2.5 V 2) 1.8 V 3) 1.2 -1.5V |
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How many pins in DDR DIMM 1,2,3 &4 |
DDR1- 184 pins DDR2- 240 pins DDR3- 240 pins DDR4- 288 pins |
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List All DDR3 Standards along with I/O clock speed, Transder Rate and Module Name |
1. DDR3-800 - 400MHz/6400MB/s/PC3-6400 2. DDR3-1066 - 533MHz/8533MB/s/PC3-8500 3. DDR3-1333 - 667MHz/10667MB/s/PC3-10600 4. DDR3-1600 - 800MHz/12800MB/s/PC3-12800 5. DDR3-1866 - 933MHz/14933MB/s/PC3-14900 6. DDR3-2133 - 1066MHz/17066MB/s/PC3-17000 7. DDR3-2400 - 1200MHz/19200MB/s/PC3-19299 |
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What is single-sided RAm and What is double-sided? |
1. Single sided is when memory module has a single "bank" of chips/ 2. Double-sided have chips divided into two sides known as "banks" |
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What is ECC Versus Non-ECC |
Error Correnction Code (ECC) in RAM detecs and corrects errors. |
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What is RAM parity? |
RAM parity is when memory stores an extra bit (know as a parity bit) used for error detection. Might be required when data integrity is needed. |
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Steps to install RAM |
1. Select correct memory module 2. Employ ESD prevention methods. 3. Ready the motherboard 4. Install RAM 5. Test Installation |
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What are some errors related to RAM |
1. Computer will not boot/intermittently shuts down 2. BIOS indicates a memory error 3. BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) 4. Out of memory, low memory |
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What are the most common outlets and examples? |
Type B ex. (wall sockets, eletric receptacles, power points) |
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What do you use to test AC outlets are wired properly? |
Receptacle Tester |
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What can be used to measure amps and impedance and to test voltage inside a computer and from AC outlets? |
Mulitmeter |
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How do you handle a multimeter? |
Hold both multimeter leads with one hand and hold them by plastic handles |
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T/F When testing with Multimeter red lead goes into hot opening first? |
F, Black lead goes into ground opening first. |
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What is dirty power? |
Power readings that fluctuate. Call electrician. |
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What can you use to keep an AC outlets voltage steady? |
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) or line conditioner |
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What is a power surge? brownout? and a blackout? |
1. Unexpected increase in voltage 2. Drop in voltage that can cause computers to shut off 3. Total loss of power for prolonged time. |
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What can you use to protect against surges and spikes |
Surge protector |
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What does UPS do? |
Takes functionality of surge suppressor and combines with a battery backup |
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What can you use to protect computer from power outages? |
UPS/battery backup |
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T/F You should connect Laster Printers to USP devices |
F |
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What is the purpose of "dual-rail" PSU power supply units? |
Separate and Limit the current through each wire to avoid over heating |
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What are the most common power connectors? |
Molex, SATA and PCIe |
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What are pins and voltages for a) Molex b) SATA and c) PCIe |
a) Red (5V), Black (G), and Yellow (12 V) b) 15-pin, 3.3V, 5V, and 12 V c) 6-pin, 12 V (ATX12V version 2.1) 8-pin, 12 V (ATX12V version 2.2 and higher) |
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What is this? |
Molex Power Connector |
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What is this? |
SATA 12-pin power connector |
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What is this |
PCIe 6-pin |
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T/F You should open a power supply? |
F, If it fails replace it with a working unit |
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What are symptoms power supply needs to be replaced? |
1. Fan failure 2. Fuse failure 3. Quick death 4. Slow death |
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What can you use to test a 24-pin power connectior? |
PSU tester or a multimeter |
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T/F When upgrading components, you should not make sure to check if power supply needs to be upgraded? |
F |
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What can cause system overheating? |
1. Power supply failure 2. Auxiliary case fan failure 3. Inadequate number of fans 4. Missing or open slot covers 5. Case isn't tightly closed and screwed in 6. Location of computer |
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What is the most common magnetic media |
Hard disk drives (HDD) |
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T/F HDD's are nonvolatile |
T |
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Name all of the components of Hard Disk Drive |
1. Platter 2. Spindle 3. Read/Write Head 4. Actuator 5. Actuator Arm 6. Actuator Axis 7. Power and Data connectors |
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Where Solid State Drives write data? |
Nonvolatile microchips and DRAM |
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What are normal measurements of SSD? |
2.5 inches in width |
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What is a hybrid drive? |
When SSD is combined with Magnetic disk tech. |
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What are the most common hard drives used? |
SATA drives |
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How many pins in SATA data cable? |
7 pins |
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What areMaximum Data Transfer Rate for SATA 1,2,3 and 3.2? |
SATA1- 1.5GB/s ---150MB/s SATA2- 3 GB/s --- 300 MB/s SATA3 - 6 GB/s ---600 MB/s SATA3.2 - 16 GB/s ---1969 MB/s |
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T/F Older SATA drives can run on a newer SATA controller and data transfer will increase with controller? |
F Older SATA drives can run with newer SATA controllers but the data transfer will be limited to speed of the drive. |
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What specifications should you be interested in when purchasing a hard drive? |
1. Capacity 2. Data Transfer Rate 3. Cache 4. Rotational speed (magnetic disks only) higher the better. 5. Latency |
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What are typical Rotational Speeds of HDD |
7,500 RPM |
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What tools to use to Degragment Hard Drive |
1. Microsoft Disk Defragmenter with command- defrag. 2. Other third party programs 3. If less than 15% free space use command defrag -f |
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How can a hard drive cause the system to move slow? |
If the hard drive becomes fragmented or has been infected with a virus or spyware. |
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What are tape drives? |
Devices used for archival or backup of data. Use removable media in the form of magnetic tape cartridges. Outdated |
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What does RAID stand for? |
Redundant Array of Independent Disks |
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What is Fault Tolerance? |
The capability of the hard drive system to continue working after there is a problem with one of the drives. |
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What are the main RAID levels to know. |
RAID 0, 1, 5, 10 |
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Describe RAID 0? Is it Fault tolerant ? Whats the minimum number of disks? |
1. Striping. Data is striped across multiple disks.. 2. NO 3. 2 |
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Describe RAID 1? Is it Fault tolerant ? Whats the minimum number of disks? |
1. Mirroring. Data is copied to two identical disks 2. YES 3. 2 and only 2 *Only available in Windows 7 and up |
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Describe RAID 5? Is it Fault tolerant ? Whats the minimum number of disks? |
1. Striping with Parity. Data is striped across multiple disks and fault-tolerant parity data is also written to each disk. 2. YES 3. 3 |
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Describe RAID 10? Is it Fault tolerant ? Whats the minimum number of disks? |
1. Combines advantages of RAID 0 and RAID1. 2. YES 3. 2 (usually 4) |
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What RAID is this? |
RAID 1 |
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What RAID is this? |
RAID 5 |
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What to do if RAID arrays fail? |
1. Make sure hard drives securely connected to the controller 2. Make sure controller securely connected to the mother board 3. If RAID built-in to motherboard then disable motherboard RAID |
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What are the 3 optical media in use today? |
1. CD 2. DVD 3. Blue Ray |
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Magnetic Media is known as " "? Optical Media known as " "? |
1. Disk 2. Disc |
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How is data written onto DATA CD? |
Laser shines on the reflective surface of CD and stores data as a plethora of microscopic indentations known as lands and pits. |
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How much can a typical CD stores? How much can other versions store? |
1. 700 MB 2. 650MB, 800MB and 900 MB |
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What is Recording speed of CD-R and CD-RW? What does the X stand for? |
CD-R : 48x (7.2 MB/s) or 52x (7.8MB/s) CD-RW: 24x (3.6MB/s) or 32x (4.8MB/s) x = 150 KB |
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T/F SATA CD-ROM drives connect same way as hard drive counterparts: a 7-pin data cable and 15-pin power cable? |
T |
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What is small pinhole for on CD-ROM drives? |
For when a CD or tray gets jammed. Insert a paper clip into the hole to attempt to free the tray. |
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What are the Different DVD versions and their Sides, Layers and Capacityies? |
DVD 5 - 1 side/1layer/4.7GB DVD-9 - 1side/2 layers/ 8.5 GB DVD-10 - 2sides/2 layers/ 9.4 GB DVD-14 - 2 sides/3 layes/ 13.2 GB DVD-18 - 2 sides/4 layesr/ 17 GB |
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What is most common DVD |
DVD-5 |
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What does x mean in DVD speeds? |
x = 1.3 MB/s |
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What are Capacity and Write Speed of DVD-R SL and DVD+R SL |
DVD-R SL - 4.707 GB and 22x or 24x DVD+R SL - 4.700 GB and 22x or 24X |
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What are Capacity and Write Speed of DVD-R DL and DVD+R DL |
DVD-R DL - 8.544 GB and 12 x DVD+R DL - 8.548 GV and 16x |
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What are Capacity and Write Speed of DVD-RW DL or SL and DVD+RW DL or SL |
DVD-RW DL or SL - 4.707 or 8.544 GB and 6x DVD+RW DL or SL - 4.700 or 8.548 GB and 8x |
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How much Data can Blue RAy store |
up to 50 GB per disc. |
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What is the difference between BD-R and BD-RE |
BD-R - can only be written to once BD-RW can be erased and re-recorded multiple times |
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What is most familiar flash media? |
USB Flash Drives |
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What are the different capacities of Standard SD, SDHC and SDXC? |
Standard - 4GB SDHC- 32 GB SDXC - 2 TB but typical capacities are 64, 128, 256 and 512 GB |
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What are steps to replace keyboard? |
1. Prepare laptop (shutdown, unplg, disconnect battery. 2. Remove the trim or cover 3.Remove the screws. 4. Disconnect the keyboard. 5. Replace the keyboard 6. Test the keyboard |
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What does LCD stand for? |
Liquid Crystal Display |
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How does LCD get its power? |
Inverter board |
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What is Resolution |
Number of pixels, measured horizontal by vertical, on the display |
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T/F The higher the resolution the more that can be fit on the screen |
T |
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T/F The inverter can be handled even if the laptop is one. |
F, the inverter should NOT be handled if the laptop is on |
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What are steps to install an inverter? |
1. Prepare the laptop for surgery (Shut down, unplug, disconnect battery) 2. Remove the display 3. Open the display 4. Remove the inverter. 5. Install the new inverter 6. Rebuild the display |
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What should you do if fan makes a high-pitched noice in laptop? |
Try using a vacuum (from the outside) or blow compressed air (from the inside) |
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Where do you modify battery alarms in Windows? |
Power options in Control Panel |
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What is the most common type of external expansion bus? |
Express Card |
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What internal expansion buses do most laptops use? |
Mini PCI |
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What is a docking stations? |
A Device that expands the laptop so that it can behave more like a desktop. Adds full size keyboard, mouse and monitor. |
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What is hotdock? |
Laptops that can connect to a docking station while still on |
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What are typical transfer speeds of RJ45? |
100 Mb/s or 1000 Mb/s |
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What should you do if laptop cant connect to the wireless network? |
Try pressing the Wi-fi button near the power button or the associated function key |
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What are the various ways a Laptop can communicate with other laptops? |
1. Wired and wireless Ethernet 2. Bluetooth 3. IR - line of sight communication 4. Cellular Wan 5. Dial up modems |
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What ports are typically found on laptop |
RJ45, USB and HDMI |
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What kind of video tech do most laptops incorporate? |
TFT active-matric LCD's |
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What is the common resolution on todays laptops? |
1920 X 1080 (Full HD or 1080P) |
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Which is the most common battery used by todays laptops? |
Lithium-ions |
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When a user types, a laptops screen displays letters and numbers instead of only letters. What shoud you check first? |
Num lock key |
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What are possible reasons that a laptops keyboard might fail completely? |
1. Disconnected or loosed keyboard ribbon cable. 2. Spilled coffee on the laptop or dropped |
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What are two possible reasons a laptops display went blank with no user intervention? |
1. A damaged inverter 2. Burned-out bulb |
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A user doesn't see anything in his laptop's screen. He tries to use AC power and thinks that the laptop is not receiving any. What are two reasons for this? |
1. An incorrect adapter 2. The AC adapter is not connected to the laptop |
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A customer reports that she walked away from her laptop for 30 minutes. When she returned her display was dim. She increased brightness to no avail. What should you do first? |
Check whether the laptop is not on battery power. |
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What is standard sizes of hard drives in Laptops |
Bulk is 2.5 inches Ultra-small laptops use 1.8 inches |
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What type of memory do laptops use? |
SODIMM |
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What does SODIMM stand for? |
Small outline dual in-line memory |
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What are 4 types of DDR SODIMM used in laptops and how many pins? |
DDR - 200 pin DDR2 - 200 pin DDR3 - 204 pin DDR4 - 260 pin |
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Where is common locationfor CMOS battery? |
Underneath the keyboard |
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What should you do if after you add memory, the OS still reports the same amount of memory as before? |
Reseat the memory. |
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You open the hatch on the bottom of the laptop to reveal only a single memory installed. Where should you look for a second memory slot.? |
Memory modules are either located inside a hatch on the bottom of the laptop or underneath the keyboard. |
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What are the basic types of hardware used by a tablet computer? |
1. 1.5 Ghz ARMv8 CPU 2. 2 GB LPDDR3 RAM 3. 16, 64, or 128 GB Flash Memory 4. Multitouch touchscreen 5. Lithium-ion polymer 6. 9.7 inch display LED-backlit |
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What are basic hardware components used by smart phone? |
1. 2.1 Ghz ARMv8 CPU 2. 3 BG LPDDR4 RAM 3. 32, 64, or 128 GB Flash memory 4. Multitouch touchscreen 5. Lithium-ion polymer battery 6. 5.1 inch display. |
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What connections do Androids use? |
micro USB |
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What is the difference between configuring tethering and creating a mobile hotspot? |
1. Tethering is physically connecting a mobile device to a desktop or laptop to use the computers internet connection. 2. Hotspot allows desktops, laptops and other mobile devices to connect to internet via the device running the hotspot. |
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What is NFC? |
Allows smartphones to communicate via radio frequency bu touching the devices together or having them in close proximity. Used for sending contact info, mp3s, photos and making payments. |
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What frequency does NFC use? What trasfer speed? |
13.56 MHZ and 100-400 Kb/s |
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What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? |
Term used to describe collectively tablets, smartphones, e-readers, and other mobile devices, and accessories. |
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What type of memory do most mobile devices store long-term data to ? |
solid-state flash memory |
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What type of memory would you most likely add to a smart phone? |
microSD card |
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The organization you work for allows users to work from their own mobile devices. What is this referred to as? |
BYOD |
