Comps/praxis: Dysarthria, Dementia

Front 1

This type of dysarthria results from damage to the cerebellar system. It is characterized predominantly by articulatory and prosodic problems. Major characteristics include: gait disturbances, movement disorders (jerky, over/undershooting), articulation disorders (imprecise, drunken speech), uneven/excess stress, slow rate, monopitch, monoloud, harshness.

Back 1

ataxic dysarthria

Front 2

This type of dysarthria results from damage to the motor units of cranial or spinal nerves that supply speech muscles. Characteristics include muscular disorders (weakness, hypotonia, diminishe reflexes), twitching of resting muscles, respiratory weakness, breathy voice, audible inspiration, short phrases, hypernasality, nasal emission, and some artic disorders.

Back 2

flaccid dysarthria

Front 3

Name a disease that result in flaccid dysarthria.

Back 3

myasthenia gravis

Front 4

This type of dysarthria results from damage to the basal ganglia (extrapyramidal system) that causes involuntary movement and variable muscle tone. Prosodic disturbances are dominant. Abnormal myoclunic jerks, tics, tremor, writhing involuntary movement, dystonia. There are audible inspirations, forced inspiration/expiration, prosody disorders, inconsistent artic.

Back 4

hyperkinetic dysarthria

Front 5

What is a disease that causes hyperkinetic dysarthria?

Back 5

Huntington's Chorea

Front 6

This type of dysarthria results from damage to the basal ganglia (extrapyramidal system). Causes tremors in the mouth, mask-like face, walking disorders, micrographia, postural disturbances, decreased swallowing, quiet, harsh, monopitch, reduced stress, short rushes of speech, faster respiration rate.

Back 6

hypokinetic

Front 7

Name disorders that can cause hypokinetic dysarhtria.

Back 7

PD
Pick's disease
Alzheimer's
progressive supranuclear palsy

Front 8

This type of dysarthria results from bilateral UMN damage. There are lesions in multiple areas. There is spasticity and weakness, hyperadductive gag, hyperadductive VF, strain-strangled quality, hypernasality.

Back 8

spastic dysarthria

Front 9

These dysarthrias are a combination of the two. Name the 2 types and 2 disorders associated.

Back 9

mixed
spastic-ataxis: MS
flaccid-spastic: ALS

Front 10

This kind of dysarthria results from damage to the UMN that supply cranial and spinal nerves involved in speech. Characterized by unilateral lower facial weakness, uni tongue weakness, uni palatal weakness, hemiplegia/hemiparesis,

Back 10

unilateral UMN dysarthria

Front 11

List some attentional/perceptual symptoms of RHD.

Back 11

-left neglect
-denial of illness
-confabulation about disability
-facial recognition problems
-constructional impairment - geometric shapes
-attentional deficits
-disorientation
-visuoperceptual defecits

Front 12

List some communicative deficits with RHD.

Back 12

-prosody problems
-impaired discourse/narratives
-confabulation, excessive speech
-difficulty understanding implied, alternate, abstract
-pragmatic problems
-naming

Front 13

This is injury to the brain sustained by physical trauma/external force. Does not include brain damage due to strokes, tumors, and progressive/transparent neuropathologies. Prevalence is highest for which age groups?

Back 13

TBI
0-4; 15-19, more males than ffemales

Front 14

List the causes of TBI in order.

Back 14

falls, auto accidents, struck by/crashing into objects, assaults/violence, etc.

Front 15

What are the 2 types of classifications of TBI?

Back 15

penetrating (open-head), nonpenetrating (closed-head)

Front 16

This injuries involve a perforated/fractured skull, torn/lacerated meninges, and an injury that extends to brain tissue. Give 2 examples.

Back 16

open-head injuries
high-velocity missiles (bullets), low-velocity impacts (blows to head)

Front 17

These injuries involve no open wound in the head or penetration of a foreign substance in the brain, but a damaged brain within the skull. Name the 2 types.

Back 17

closed head injuries
acceleration-deceleration
nonacceleration

Front 18

These injuries are more serious, head is set into motion by physical force. When head moves, brain is static. Soon it moves, and when head stops, brain keeps moving and strikes skull on side opposite the initial impact.

Back 18

acceleration-deceleration injury

Front 19

This occurs when a restrained head is hit by a moving object. Give an example.

Back 19

nonacceleration injuries
car crushing the head of a mechanic working under it

Front 20

Name some communication problems w/ TBI.

Back 20

-naming problems
-mutism
-initiation difficulties
-lack of turn taking
-topic maintenance problems
-lack of narrative cohesion
-impaired prosody
-dysarthria
-aud comp problems
-disturbed social interaction

Front 21

This is a progressive movement disorder caused by degeneration of the BG within the brain, resulting in a low production of the NT dopamine. Characterized by tremors, rigidity, slow movements, posture instability.

Back 21

PD

Front 22

Name gross and fine motor problems in PD.

Back 22

Gross: rigid movements, frozen limbs, shuffled walk, festinating gait
Fine: pill rolling

Front 23

This is believed to be an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks its own tissues. The process destroys myelin, which covers and protects nerve fibers in brain and SC. Name 4 types

Back 23

multiple sclerosis

1) relapsing-remitting (most common 85%)
2) primary progressive (progression from beginning, with occasional plateaus, 10%)
3) secondary progressive (initial relapsing-remitting, then steady progression, can develop from relapsing-remitting)
4) progressive-relapsing: least common, progression from onset with acute relapses w/ or w/out recovery. 5%)

Front 24

Name some problems associated with MS.

Back 24

-tremor, lack of coordination
-slurred speech, partial/total loss of vision
-difficulty writing/gasping object
-lack of judgement/problem solving
-difficulty w/ familiar tasks

Front 25

This is the most common autoimmune disease characterized by rapid weakening of voluntary muscles w/ use. It is a breakdown in normal communication between nerves and muscles. Cotninued progression of diminished muscle contractions. Chronic muscle fatigue, weakness, facial weakness, neck weakness, decreased tongue use, loss of hand muscles. No cognitive problems.

Back 25

myasthenia gravis

Front 26

What will ppl with AOS have problems with during an eval?

Back 26

SMRs, polysyllabic words, problems with words that increase in length and sentences

Front 27

What are some tx for AOS?

Back 27

Integral stimulation: cueing strategies
Melodic Intonation Therapy
Hodson's cycles approach

Front 28

This is described by a loss / impairment of motor function caused by brain damage. Abnormal brain development or injury before, during, or after birth. Affects movement, muscle control and tone, reflexes, posture, and balance. Problems with sensation, perception, cognition, communication, behavior. 1/4 of those diagnosed experience some learning difficulties and cognitive impairments. Greater risk for language disorders.

Back 28

cerebral palsy

Front 29

This is also known as Lou Gherig's disease, it is a rapidly progressing degenerative disease involving UMN and LMN of brain and SC. Name types of dysarthria. Fewer words, shorter sentences, muscle weakness in extremities.

Back 29

ALS
flaccid, spastic, mixed (both)